Farm Labor
ISSN: 1949-0909
Released February 11, 2021, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).
Special Note
The following Farm Labor report, originally scheduled for release November
25, 2020, includes quarterly and annual average farm labor data for year
2020; these data are regularly published on an annual basis, as part of the
NASS Farm Labor program. This report is provided following a December 2020
court-ordered reinstatement of the NASS Farm Labor program, which followed a
USDA-mandated program suspension effective September 2020. See United Farm
Workers v. Perdue, No. 20-cv-01452-DAD-JLT (E.D. Cal. Oct. 28, 2020) and
Federal Register (Vol. 85, No. 238, pages 79463-79464) for additional
information regarding the program reinstatement.
The October 2020 Agricultural Labor Survey, which provided the July and
October 2020 labor data for this report, was conducted in a six-week window
following the December 2020 court-ordered program reinstatement, and
approximately eight weeks after the originally scheduled October survey data
collection. Per requirements of the Office of Management and Budget,
information of the effects of the delayed data collection is included with
this report. See the Survey Methodology section of this report for more
information.
Beginning in year 2020, the base wage rate item is calculated using base
hours data. Publication of the year 2020 base hours and base wage rate items
are expanded in this report to include additional worker classifications.
Those new items are found throughout the report. See the Definitions and
Survey Methodology sections of this report for more information and any
potential effects on data due to the delay in implementation of the data
collection.
October Hired Workers Down 6 Percent; Gross Wage Rate Increased 6 Percent
from Previous Year
There were 758,000 workers hired directly by farm operators on the Nation's
farms and ranches during the week of October 11-17, 2020, down 6 percent from
the October 2019 reference week. Workers hired directly by farm operators
numbered 777,000 during the week of July 12-18, 2020, down 3 percent from the
July 2019 reference week.
Farm operators paid their hired workers an average gross wage of $15.87 per
hour during the October 2020 reference week, up 6 percent from the October
2019 reference week. Field workers received an average of $15.28 per hour, up
6 percent. Livestock workers earned $14.62 per hour, up 6 percent. The field
and livestock worker combined gross wage rate, at $15.10 per hour, was up 6
percent from the 2019 reference week. Hired laborers worked an average of
42.1 hours during the October 2020 reference week, down 1 percent from the
hours worked during the October 2019 reference week.
Farm operators paid their hired workers an average gross wage of $15.62 per
hour during the July 2020 reference week, up 5 percent from the July 2019
reference week. Field workers received an average of $14.98 per hour, up 6
percent, while livestock workers earned $14.50 per hour, up 5 percent from a
year earlier. The field and livestock worker combined gross wage rate, at
$14.85 per hour, was up 5 percent from the July 2019 reference week. Hired
laborers worked an average of 41.4 hours during the July 2020 reference week,
down 1 percent from the hours worked during the July 2019 reference week.
The 2020 all hired worker annual average gross wage rate was $15.49 per hour,
up 4 percent from the 2019 annual average gross wage rate. The 2020 field
worker annual average gross wage rate was $14.76 per hour, up 5 percent from
the 2019 annual average. The 2020 livestock worker annual average gross wage
rate was $14.35 per hour. The 2020 annual average combined gross wage for
field and livestock workers was $14.62, up 5 percent from the 2019 annual
average of $13.99 per hour.
Contents
Hired Workers, Hours Worked by Hired Workers, Gross Wage Rates, and Base Wage Rates - United States......... 5
Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: October 11-17, 2020...... 6
Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: October 11-17, 2020........... 7
Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: July 12-18, 2020......... 8
Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: July 12-18, 2020.............. 9
Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: April 12-18, 2020........ 10
Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: April 12-18, 2020............. 11
Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: January 12-18, 2020...... 12
Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: January 12-18, 2020........... 13
Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: October 6-12, 2019....... 14
Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: October 6-12, 2019............ 15
Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: July 7-13, 2019.......... 16
Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: July 7-13, 2019............... 17
Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions and 48 States:
October 11-17, 2020......................................................................................... 18
Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions and 48 States:
July 12-18, 2020............................................................................................ 18
Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions and 48 States:
October 6-12, 2019.......................................................................................... 19
Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions and 48 States:
July 7-13, 2019............................................................................................. 19
All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions and 48 States:
October 11-17, 2020......................................................................................... 20
All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions and 48 States: July 12-18, 2020....... 20
All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions and 48 States: October 6-12, 2019..... 21
All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions and 48 States: July 7-13, 2019........ 21
Field and Livestock Workers by Type of Farm................................................................. 22
Hired Workers by Economic Class of Farm..................................................................... 22
Hired Workers by Number of Workers on Farm.................................................................. 22
Hired Workers by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System.......................................... 23
Gross Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System....................................... 23
Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System........................................ 23
Annual Average Number of Hired Workers, Gross Wage, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States:
2019 and 2020............................................................................................... 24
Annual Average Gross Wage Rates - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020.................................. 25
Annual Average Base Wage Rates - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020................................... 26
Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System
- Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020.................................................................. 27
Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System
- Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued)...................................................... 29
Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System
- Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued)...................................................... 30
Farm Labor Regions - Map ................................................................................... 31
Farm Labor Definitions ..................................................................................... 32
Survey Methodology ......................................................................................... 34
Information Contacts........................................................................................ 38
Hired Workers, Hours Worked by Hired Workers, Gross Wage Rates, and Base Wage Rates - United States
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: July 7-13, : October 6-12, : January 12-18, : April 12-18, : July 12-18, : October 11-17,
Farm employment : 2019 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000
:
Hired workers :
150 days or more ..............: 594 603 495 578 575 577
149 days or less ..............: 208 206 73 110 202 181
Total ............................: 802 809 568 688 777 758
:
:
: hours per week
:
Hours worked by hired workers :
Gross hours ......................: 41.7 42.5 40.2 40.3 41.4 42.1
Base hours 1/ ....................: (NA) (NA) 39.4 39.6 40.5 40.8
:
: dollars per hour
:
Gross wage rates 2/ :
Field and livestock combined .....: 14.08 14.21 14.20 14.16 14.85 15.10
Field workers .................: 14.19 14.38 14.18 14.19 14.98 15.28
Livestock workers .............: 13.79 13.77 14.22 14.10 14.50 14.62
All hired workers ................: 14.91 15.02 15.28 15.07 15.62 15.87
:
Base wage rates 2/ 3/ :
Field and livestock combined .....: (NA) (NA) 14.03 13.97 14.73 14.86
Field workers .................: (NA) (NA) 14.03 13.99 14.86 14.99
Livestock workers .............: (NA) (NA) 14.04 13.94 14.38 14.51
All hired workers ................: (NA) (NA) 15.12 14.89 15.51 15.65
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(NA) Not available.
1/ Data not collected for year 2019; estimates not established.
2/ Benefits, such as housing and meals, are provided to some workers but the values are not included in either the gross wage rates or
the base wage rates.
3/ Estimates not established for year 2019.
Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: October 11-17, 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Hired workers
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : Expected to be employed : Number of hours worked
Regions1/ and : Number of :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : workers :150 days or more :149 days or less : Gross hours : Base hours
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---------------- 1,000 ---------------- --- hours per week ---
:
Northeast I ......: 41 31 10 42.0 41.2
Northeast II .....: 27 21 6 40.4 39.2
:
Appalachian I ....: 29 23 6 38.5 37.8
Appalachian II ...: 27 21 6 40.2 39.5
:
Southeast ........: 31 24 7 39.1 38.5
Florida ..........: 35 32 3 42.5 42.1
:
Lake .............: 57 41 16 41.3 40.5
:
Cornbelt I .......: 42 29 13 40.6 39.7
Cornbelt II ......: 25 17 8 39.8 38.9
:
Delta ............: 35 26 9 45.0 44.2
:
Northern Plains ..: 39 28 11 46.0 45.1
:
Southern Plains ..: 49 40 9 41.1 40.5
:
Mountain I .......: 27 22 5 50.9 50.1
Mountain II ......: 19 17 2 41.3 40.6
Mountain III .....: 17 15 2 46.0 45.1
:
Pacific ..........: 86 46 40 40.3 38.9
California .......: 168 141 27 42.9 39.9
:
Hawaii ...........: 4 3 1 35.6 35.0
:
United States ....: 758 577 181 42.1 40.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Region map on page 31.
Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: October 11-17, 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Type of worker : :
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for
Regions1/ and : : : : : Field and livestock : all hired workers
United States : Field workers : Livestock workers : combined : :
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast I ......: 15.32 15.20 14.92 14.84 15.20 15.10 16.16 16.06
Northeast II .....: 14.56 14.37 13.42 13.37 14.25 14.10 15.34 15.21
:
Appalachian I ....: 13.28 13.18 12.94 12.84 13.20 13.10 13.90 13.81
Appalachian II ...: 13.11 13.00 13.22 13.13 13.15 13.05 13.70 13.61
:
Southeast ........: 12.02 11.92 12.37 12.27 12.10 12.00 12.73 12.63
Florida ..........: 12.35 12.25 13.15 13.00 12.48 12.37 13.82 13.72
:
Lake .............: 15.75 15.61 14.28 14.21 15.00 14.90 15.72 15.61
:
Cornbelt I .......: 15.80 15.65 15.16 15.01 15.65 15.50 16.30 16.16
Cornbelt II ......: 15.86 15.68 14.81 14.72 15.50 15.35 16.10 15.96
:
Delta ............: 11.67 11.57 12.05 11.95 11.75 11.65 12.09 11.99
:
Northern Plains ..: 17.04 16.85 15.52 15.43 16.45 16.30 16.83 16.69
:
Southern Plains ..: 13.47 13.37 14.08 13.98 13.80 13.70 14.30 14.21
:
Mountain I .......: 14.69 14.58 15.37 15.29 15.00 14.90 15.48 15.38
Mountain II ......: 14.80 14.62 14.70 14.58 14.75 14.60 15.42 15.29
Mountain III .....: 13.56 13.40 14.37 14.23 13.90 13.75 14.71 14.57
:
Pacific ..........: 17.54 16.60 16.63 16.59 17.45 16.60 17.88 17.10
California .......: 16.50 16.20 16.25 16.05 16.46 16.17 17.64 17.41
:
Hawaii ...........: 16.00 15.75 17.70 17.55 16.27 16.04 18.13 17.94
:
United States ....: 15.28 14.99 14.62 14.51 15.10 14.86 15.87 15.65
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Region map on page 31.
Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: July 12-18, 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Hired workers
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : Expected to be employed : Number of hours worked
Regions1/ and : Number of :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : workers :150 days or more :149 days or less : Gross hours : Base hours
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---------------- 1,000 ---------------- --- hours per week ---
:
Northeast I ......: 38 29 9 40.5 39.9
Northeast II .....: 34 22 12 40.7 39.7
:
Appalachian I ....: 31 23 8 38.7 38.3
Appalachian II ...: 27 21 6 38.4 38.0
:
Southeast ........: 32 23 9 39.8 39.4
Florida ..........: 33 31 2 43.2 42.8
:
Lake .............: 58 44 14 39.8 39.2
:
Cornbelt I .......: 39 28 11 38.4 37.9
Cornbelt II ......: 21 16 5 37.7 37.3
:
Delta ............: 32 26 6 41.6 41.3
:
Northern Plains ..: 36 28 8 44.6 44.0
:
Southern Plains ..: 50 40 10 40.8 40.4
:
Mountain I .......: 29 22 7 48.3 47.5
Mountain II ......: 21 17 4 41.0 40.4
Mountain III .....: 16 14 2 45.2 44.5
:
Pacific ..........: 107 51 56 41.9 40.4
California .......: 169 137 32 42.1 40.5
:
Hawaii ...........: 4 3 1 36.3 35.9
:
United States ....: 777 575 202 41.4 40.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Region map on page 31.
Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: July 12-18, 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Type of worker : :
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for
Regions1/ and : : : : : Field and livestock : all hired workers
United States : Field workers : Livestock workers : combined : :
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast I ......: 15.23 15.13 14.67 14.58 15.05 14.95 16.08 15.99
Northeast II .....: 13.84 13.75 13.19 13.08 13.70 13.60 14.61 14.52
:
Appalachian I ....: 13.38 13.32 12.73 12.46 13.25 13.15 13.88 13.78
Appalachian II ...: 12.91 12.78 13.01 12.82 12.95 12.80 13.51 13.36
:
Southeast ........: 12.02 11.91 12.66 12.57 12.15 12.05 12.69 12.59
Florida ..........: 12.50 12.45 12.95 12.85 12.58 12.52 13.79 13.74
:
Lake .............: 14.71 14.61 14.29 14.20 14.50 14.40 15.24 15.13
:
Cornbelt I .......: 14.80 14.71 14.97 14.87 14.85 14.75 15.70 15.61
Cornbelt II ......: 15.46 15.33 14.68 14.63 15.15 15.05 15.90 15.80
:
Delta ............: 11.88 11.83 12.19 12.12 11.95 11.90 12.32 12.27
:
Northern Plains ..: 16.83 16.73 15.57 15.47 16.30 16.20 16.68 16.58
:
Southern Plains ..: 13.26 13.25 13.84 13.74 13.55 13.50 13.94 13.88
:
Mountain I .......: 14.10 14.02 15.17 15.14 14.60 14.55 15.10 15.04
Mountain II ......: 14.81 14.70 14.57 14.49 14.70 14.60 15.28 15.18
Mountain III .....: 13.74 13.60 14.30 14.14 14.00 13.85 14.85 14.70
:
Pacific ..........: 16.49 16.34 16.00 15.85 16.45 16.30 16.87 16.73
California .......: 16.30 16.20 16.25 16.10 16.29 16.18 17.53 17.45
:
Hawaii ...........: 15.25 15.15 18.00 17.90 15.90 15.80 17.74 17.64
:
United States ....: 14.98 14.86 14.50 14.38 14.85 14.73 15.62 15.51
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Region map on page 31.
Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: April 12-18, 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Hired
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : Expected to be employed : Number of hours worked
Regions1/ and : Number of :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : workers :150 days or more :149 days or less : Gross hours : Base hours
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---------------- 1,000 ---------------- --- hours per week ---
:
Northeast I ......: 28 23 5 40.5 39.9
Northeast II .....: 25 22 3 39.4 38.8
:
Appalachian I ....: 31 25 6 38.8 38.3
Appalachian II ...: 22 20 2 39.2 38.1
:
Southeast ........: 30 26 4 38.4 37.7
Florida ..........: 38 32 6 40.7 40.2
:
Lake .............: 53 43 10 41.6 41.0
:
Cornbelt I .......: 36 32 4 39.9 39.0
Cornbelt II ......: 29 23 6 37.9 37.3
:
Delta ............: 28 22 6 41.7 41.2
:
Northern Plains ..: 42 38 4 41.5 41.0
:
Southern Plains ..: 61 51 10 39.2 38.7
:
Mountain I .......: 25 21 4 44.3 43.7
Mountain II ......: 18 16 2 42.9 42.1
Mountain III .....: 17 16 1 47.5 47.0
:
Pacific ..........: 58 39 19 41.6 41.0
California .......: 143 126 17 38.9 38.0
:
Hawaii ...........: 4 3 1 33.5 33.1
:
United States ....: 688 578 110 40.3 39.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Region map on page 31.
Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: April 12-18, 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Type of worker : :
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for
Regions1/ and : : : : : Field and livestock : all hired workers
United States : Field workers : Livestock workers : combined : :
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast I ......: 15.39 15.28 14.29 14.19 14.85 14.75 16.00 15.88
Northeast II .....: 14.64 14.54 13.42 13.19 14.20 14.05 15.24 15.09
:
Appalachian I ....: 13.12 13.01 13.06 12.96 13.10 13.00 13.65 13.54
Appalachian II ...: 12.65 12.54 13.05 12.95 12.85 12.75 13.47 13.36
:
Southeast ........: 11.51 11.47 11.13 11.03 11.40 11.35 11.79 11.72
Florida ..........: 11.65 11.55 11.80 11.65 11.67 11.56 12.52 12.41
:
Lake .............: 14.56 14.49 14.62 14.43 14.60 14.45 15.26 15.11
:
Cornbelt I .......: 15.77 15.70 13.95 13.79 15.25 15.15 15.78 15.67
Cornbelt II ......: 15.18 15.09 15.50 15.30 15.35 15.20 15.79 15.64
:
Delta ............: 11.84 11.83 11.86 11.73 11.85 11.80 12.23 12.18
:
Northern Plains ..: 15.89 15.78 14.59 14.49 15.20 15.10 15.93 15.83
:
Southern Plains ..: 11.91 11.90 12.73 12.55 12.35 12.25 12.79 12.68
:
Mountain I .......: 13.74 13.66 14.21 14.18 14.00 13.95 14.83 14.77
Mountain II ......: 14.28 13.31 14.95 14.95 14.65 14.21 15.16 14.76
Mountain III .....: 13.08 12.96 13.93 13.63 13.45 13.25 14.17 13.97
:
Pacific ..........: 15.06 14.17 14.95 14.89 15.05 14.25 15.88 15.17
California .......: 15.60 15.50 16.35 16.05 15.76 15.61 17.48 17.36
:
Hawaii ...........: 14.90 14.80 17.95 17.80 15.29 15.19 16.87 16.77
:
United States ....: 14.19 13.99 14.10 13.94 14.16 13.97 15.07 14.89
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Region map on page 31.
Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: January 12-18, 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Hired workers
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : Expected to be employed : Number of hours worked
Regions1/ and : Number of :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : workers :150 days or more :149 days or less : Gross hours : Base hours
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---------------- 1,000 --------------- --- hours per week ---
:
Northeast I ......: 21 18 3 41.6 41.0
Northeast II .....: 20 18 2 38.9 38.4
:
Appalachian I ....: 24 20 4 38.3 37.7
Appalachian II ...: 18 17 1 38.9 38.1
:
Southeast ........: 23 21 2 37.3 36.7
Florida ..........: 39 30 9 40.9 40.6
:
Lake .............: 44 38 6 41.0 40.4
:
Cornbelt I .......: 28 26 2 36.9 36.5
Cornbelt II ......: 25 21 4 37.2 36.8
:
Delta ............: 20 17 3 37.6 37.1
:
Northern Plains ..: 35 33 2 40.9 40.1
:
Southern Plains ..: 55 47 8 39.1 38.6
:
Mountain I .......: 18 17 1 42.7 42.3
Mountain II ......: 15 14 1 43.5 42.3
Mountain III .....: 18 16 2 47.5 46.9
:
Pacific ..........: 39 32 7 36.9 36.5
California .......: 121 107 14 42.0 40.8
:
Hawaii ...........: 5 3 2 33.8 33.6
:
United States ....: 568 495 73 40.2 39.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Region map on page 31.
Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: January 12-18, 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Type of worker : :
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for
Regions1/ and : : : : : Field and livestock : all hired workers
United States : Field workers : Livestock workers : combined : :
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage :Gross wage : Base wage
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast I ......: 15.19 15.01 14.30 14.17 14.65 14.50 16.10 15.92
Northeast II .....: 14.87 14.76 13.43 13.24 14.20 14.05 15.46 15.29
:
Appalachian I ....: 13.02 13.01 13.11 12.98 13.05 13.00 13.79 13.72
Appalachian II ...: 12.64 12.51 12.90 12.83 12.80 12.70 13.50 13.39
:
Southeast ........: 11.83 11.76 10.84 10.81 11.50 11.45 11.99 11.92
Florida ..........: 11.65 11.60 11.80 11.65 11.67 11.61 12.46 12.40
:
Lake .............: 15.22 15.17 14.65 14.53 14.80 14.70 15.55 15.44
:
Cornbelt I .......: 16.29 16.15 14.19 14.01 15.50 15.35 16.17 16.02
Cornbelt II ......: 15.61 15.56 15.37 15.24 15.45 15.35 15.98 15.87
:
Delta ............: 12.24 12.07 11.89 11.77 12.10 11.95 12.57 12.42
:
Northern Plains ..: 16.83 16.66 14.63 14.46 15.55 15.40 16.41 16.27
:
Southern Plains ..: 12.31 12.30 12.93 12.75 12.65 12.55 13.12 13.01
:
Mountain I .......: 14.46 14.30 14.44 14.37 14.45 14.35 15.40 15.30
Mountain II ......: 14.79 14.60 15.48 15.44 15.25 15.15 15.86 15.76
Mountain III .....: 13.00 12.90 13.97 13.88 13.40 13.30 14.06 13.96
:
Pacific ..........: 15.36 14.72 15.30 14.58 15.35 14.69 16.61 16.04
California .......: 15.15 15.00 16.05 15.75 15.40 15.20 17.33 17.19
:
Hawaii ...........: 14.60 14.55 17.55 17.40 14.88 14.82 16.38 16.31
:
United States ....: 14.18 14.03 14.22 14.04 14.20 14.03 15.28 15.12
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Region map on page 31.
Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: October 6-12, 2019
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Hired workers
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : Expected to be employed : Number of hours worked
Regions1/ and : Number of :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : workers :150 days or more :149 days or less : Gross hours : Base hours2/
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---------------- 1,000 ---------------- --- hours per week ---
:
Northeast I ......: 38 27 11 41.8 (NA)
Northeast II .....: 34 27 7 40.0 (NA)
:
Appalachian I ....: 41 31 10 39.5 (NA)
Appalachian II ...: 29 22 7 40.7 (NA)
:
Southeast ........: 26 20 6 40.3 (NA)
Florida ..........: 31 24 7 41.6 (NA)
:
Lake .............: 68 51 17 41.0 (NA)
:
Cornbelt I .......: 42 28 14 37.6 (NA)
Cornbelt II ......: 26 18 8 38.3 (NA)
:
Delta ............: 32 24 8 46.9 (NA)
:
Northern Plains ..: 43 33 10 43.4 (NA)
:
Southern Plains ..: 49 36 13 40.2 (NA)
:
Mountain I .......: 30 22 8 46.9 (NA)
Mountain II ......: 21 16 5 41.8 (NA)
Mountain III .....: 19 16 3 48.4 (NA)
:
Pacific ..........: 108 65 43 44.0 (NA)
California .......: 168 140 28 44.7 (NA)
:
Hawaii ...........: 4 3 1 36.0 (NA)
:
United States ....: 809 603 206 42.5 (NA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(NA) Not available.
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Data not collected for year 2019; estimates not established.
Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: October 6-12, 2019
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Type of worker : :
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for
Regions1/ and : : : : : Field and livestock : all hired workers
United States : Field workers : Livestock workers : combined : :
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:Gross wage :Base wage2/:Gross wage :Base wage2/:Gross wage :Base wage2/:Gross wage :Base wage2/
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast I ......: 14.54 (NA) 13.46 (NA) 14.20 (NA) 15.13 (NA)
Northeast II .....: 13.69 (NA) 12.80 (NA) 13.50 (NA) 14.81 (NA)
:
Appalachian I ....: 12.70 (NA) 12.95 (NA) 12.75 (NA) 13.29 (NA)
Appalachian II ...: 12.25 (NA) 12.09 (NA) 12.20 (NA) 12.78 (NA)
:
Southeast ........: 11.68 (NA) 11.75 (NA) 11.70 (NA) 12.31 (NA)
Florida ..........: 11.95 (NA) 11.95 (NA) 11.95 (NA) 13.27 (NA)
:
Lake .............: 15.57 (NA) 14.58 (NA) 15.00 (NA) 15.64 (NA)
:
Cornbelt I .......: 15.03 (NA) 13.83 (NA) 14.75 (NA) 15.39 (NA)
Cornbelt II ......: 14.45 (NA) 14.68 (NA) 14.55 (NA) 15.10 (NA)
:
Delta ............: 11.14 (NA) 12.20 (NA) 11.35 (NA) 11.74 (NA)
:
Northern Plains ..: 16.41 (NA) 13.76 (NA) 15.40 (NA) 15.87 (NA)
:
Southern Plains ..: 12.61 (NA) 12.76 (NA) 12.70 (NA) 13.33 (NA)
:
Mountain I .......: 13.09 (NA) 13.93 (NA) 13.45 (NA) 14.07 (NA)
Mountain II ......: 14.47 (NA) 14.27 (NA) 14.40 (NA) 15.02 (NA)
Mountain III .....: 12.63 (NA) 13.28 (NA) 12.90 (NA) 13.53 (NA)
:
Pacific ..........: 16.56 (NA) 15.20 (NA) 16.45 (NA) 16.87 (NA)
California .......: 14.75 (NA) 15.10 (NA) 14.80 (NA) 16.15 (NA)
:
Hawaii ...........: 14.35 (NA) 15.80 (NA) 14.53 (NA) 16.37 (NA)
:
United States ....: 14.38 (NA) 13.77 (NA) 14.21 (NA) 15.02 (NA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(NA) Not available.
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Estimates not established for year 2019.
Number of Workers, Gross Hours, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States: July 7-13, 2019
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Hired
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : Expected to be employed : Number of hours worked
Regions1/ and : Number of :-----------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : workers :150 days or more :149 days or less : Gross hours : Base hours2/
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---------------- 1,000 ---------------- --- hours per week ---
:
Northeast I ......: 36 26 10 39.8 (NA)
Northeast II .....: 40 28 12 40.2 (NA)
:
Appalachian I ....: 41 31 10 39.2 (NA)
Appalachian II ...: 29 21 8 38.0 (NA)
:
Southeast ........: 27 20 7 40.4 (NA)
Florida ..........: 28 23 5 41.0 (NA)
:
Lake .............: 66 50 16 40.5 (NA)
:
Cornbelt I .......: 39 28 11 35.9 (NA)
Cornbelt II ......: 23 17 6 37.2 (NA)
:
Delta ............: 30 23 7 44.0 (NA)
:
Northern Plains ..: 37 29 8 42.2 (NA)
:
Southern Plains ..: 43 35 8 40.6 (NA)
:
Mountain I .......: 28 22 6 46.7 (NA)
Mountain II ......: 21 16 5 44.7 (NA)
Mountain III .....: 17 16 1 46.7 (NA)
:
Pacific ..........: 119 58 61 43.3 (NA)
California .......: 174 148 26 43.7 (NA)
:
Hawaii ...........: 4 3 1 35.9 (NA)
:
United States ....: 802 594 208 41.7 (NA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(NA) Not available.
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Data not collected for year 2019; estimates not established.
Gross Wage and Base Wage Rates by Type of Worker - Regions and United States: July 7-13, 2019
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Type of worker : :
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------: Wage rates for
Regions1/ and : : : : : Field and livestock : all hired workers
United States : Field workers : Livestock workers : combined : :
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:Gross wage :Base wage2/:Gross wage :Base wage2/:Gross wage :Base wage2/:Gross wage :Base wage2/
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast I ......: 14.34 (NA) 13.69 (NA) 14.10 (NA) 15.17 (NA)
Northeast II .....: 12.87 (NA) 12.50 (NA) 12.80 (NA) 14.12 (NA)
:
Appalachian I ....: 12.70 (NA) 12.98 (NA) 12.75 (NA) 13.33 (NA)
Appalachian II ...: 12.11 (NA) 12.22 (NA) 12.15 (NA) 12.77 (NA)
:
Southeast ........: 11.43 (NA) 11.75 (NA) 11.50 (NA) 12.06 (NA)
Florida ..........: 12.00 (NA) 12.25 (NA) 12.05 (NA) 13.13 (NA)
:
Lake .............: 14.39 (NA) 14.41 (NA) 14.40 (NA) 15.05 (NA)
:
Cornbelt I .......: 14.15 (NA) 13.96 (NA) 14.10 (NA) 14.97 (NA)
Cornbelt II ......: 14.15 (NA) 14.58 (NA) 14.35 (NA) 15.08 (NA)
:
Delta ............: 11.49 (NA) 12.23 (NA) 11.65 (NA) 12.03 (NA)
:
Northern Plains ..: 15.90 (NA) 13.81 (NA) 15.00 (NA) 15.61 (NA)
:
Southern Plains ..: 12.67 (NA) 12.93 (NA) 12.80 (NA) 13.41 (NA)
:
Mountain I .......: 13.61 (NA) 13.47 (NA) 13.55 (NA) 14.17 (NA)
Mountain II ......: 13.83 (NA) 14.24 (NA) 13.95 (NA) 14.52 (NA)
Mountain III .....: 12.04 (NA) 13.45 (NA) 12.70 (NA) 13.43 (NA)
:
Pacific ..........: 15.97 (NA) 15.05 (NA) 15.90 (NA) 16.26 (NA)
California .......: 15.00 (NA) 15.00 (NA) 15.00 (NA) 16.35 (NA)
:
Hawaii ...........: 14.35 (NA) 16.10 (NA) 14.63 (NA) 16.46 (NA)
:
United States ....: 14.19 (NA) 13.79 (NA) 14.08 (NA) 14.91 (NA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(NA) Not available.
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Estimates not established for year 2019.
Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions
and 48 States: October 11-17, 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regions1/ : Field : Other : Livestock and : All
: crop farms : crop farms : poultry farms : farms
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast 2/ ...................: 16.50 15.05 14.05 14.84
Appalachian 3/ .................: 13.51 13.07 12.90 13.17
Southeast and Florida ..........: 12.54 12.20 12.56 12.30
Lake ...........................: 17.08 14.93 14.42 15.00
Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 16.09 15.16 14.99 15.59
Delta ..........................: 11.45 11.94 12.00 11.75
Northern Plains ................: 16.70 16.75 16.09 16.45
Southern Plains ................: 13.47 13.44 14.05 13.80
Mountain 5/ ....................: 17.58 13.93 14.87 14.65
Pacific and California .........: 17.12 16.84 16.47 16.79
:
48 States 6/ ...................: 15.21 15.24 14.67 15.09
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II.
3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II.
4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II.
5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III.
6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions
and 48 States: July 12-18, 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regions1/ : Field : Other : Livestock and : All
: crop farms : crop farms : poultry farms : farms
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast 2/ ...................: 16.58 14.48 13.78 14.40
Appalachian 3/ .................: 13.40 13.24 12.70 13.11
Southeast and Florida ..........: 12.41 12.27 12.66 12.37
Lake ...........................: 15.84 13.93 14.63 14.50
Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 16.18 14.08 14.74 14.96
Delta ..........................: 11.62 12.07 12.34 11.95
Northern Plains ................: 17.15 15.40 15.96 16.30
Southern Plains ................: 13.16 13.33 13.75 13.55
Mountain 5/ ....................: 15.67 13.97 14.70 14.49
Pacific and California .........: 16.82 16.36 16.23 16.35
:
48 States 6/ ...................: 14.79 14.99 14.48 14.84
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II.
3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II.
4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II.
5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III.
6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions
and 48 States: October 6-12, 2019
[Excludes agricultural service workers]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regions1/ : Field : Other : Livestock and : All
: crop farms : crop farms : poultry farms : farms
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast 2/ ...................: 14.15 14.04 13.52 13.88
Appalachian 3/ .................: 12.53 12.48 12.55 12.52
Southeast and Florida ..........: 11.11 11.86 12.00 11.83
Lake ...........................: 17.35 14.83 14.68 15.00
Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 15.23 13.87 14.51 14.67
Delta ..........................: 11.05 11.13 12.27 11.35
Northern Plains ................: 16.44 16.50 13.94 15.40
Southern Plains ................: 13.44 11.95 12.87 12.70
Mountain 5/ ....................: 13.40 13.52 13.61 13.55
Pacific and California .........: 15.97 15.53 14.98 15.46
:
48 States 6/ ...................: 13.98 14.50 13.78 14.21
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II.
3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II.
4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II.
5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III.
6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii
Combined Field and Livestock Worker Gross Wage Rates by Type of Farm - Regions
and 48 States: July 7-13, 2019
[Excludes agricultural service workers]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regions1/ : Field : Other : Livestock and : All
: crop farms : crop farms : poultry farms : farms
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast 2/ ...................: (S) 13.45 13.34 13.42
Appalachian 3/ .................: 12.63 12.27 12.72 12.51
Southeast and Florida ..........: 11.38 11.63 12.36 11.78
Lake ...........................: 15.82 13.96 14.46 14.40
Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 15.25 13.02 14.35 14.20
Delta ..........................: 11.46 11.65 12.08 11.65
Northern Plains ................: 16.45 14.33 13.98 15.00
Southern Plains ................: 13.11 11.89 13.24 12.80
Mountain 5/ ....................: 13.23 13.43 13.50 13.45
Pacific and California .........: 15.42 15.43 15.01 15.37
:
48 States 6/ ...................: 13.76 14.28 13.86 14.08
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II.
3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II.
4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II.
5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III.
6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions
and 48 States: October 11-17, 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Gross value sales-$1,000 :
Regions1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------: All
: <50 : 50-99 : 100-249 : 250-499 : 500-999 : 1,000+ : farms
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast 2/ ...................: 17.36 (S) 14.70 13.03 15.32 16.07 15.84
Appalachian 3/ .................: 13.71 11.75 13.32 12.73 13.65 14.47 13.80
Southeast and Florida ..........: 12.94 11.75 12.17 13.23 12.93 13.63 13.33
Lake ...........................: 15.75 13.73 12.80 13.41 14.86 16.39 15.72
Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 12.98 14.62 14.64 15.57 15.82 17.16 16.23
Delta ..........................: 11.83 11.80 11.38 13.22 12.27 11.96 12.09
Northern Plains ................: (S) 16.46 14.99 (S) 15.61 16.97 16.83
Southern Plains ................: 15.13 14.91 15.08 14.64 13.47 13.91 14.30
Mountain 5/ ....................: 13.87 16.42 15.56 14.74 14.97 15.35 15.26
Pacific and California .........: 17.00 17.05 17.40 18.43 17.28 17.77 17.72
:
48 States 6/ ...................: 14.68 14.92 14.68 15.71 15.28 16.21 15.86
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II.
3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II.
4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II.
5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III.
6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions
and 48 States: July 12-18, 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Gross value sales-$1,000 :
Regions1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------: All
: <50 : 50-99 : 100-249 : 250-499 : 500-999 : 1,000+ : farms
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast 2/ ...................: 16.71 (S) 14.29 13.42 15.16 15.48 15.38
Appalachian 3/ .................: 13.30 11.87 13.00 12.38 13.38 14.70 13.71
Southeast and Florida ..........: 13.63 12.73 11.88 12.76 12.65 13.72 13.27
Lake ...........................: 15.00 11.32 12.90 13.72 14.61 15.99 15.24
Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 11.36 13.76 13.99 13.75 15.98 16.75 15.77
Delta ..........................: 11.93 12.27 11.70 13.43 12.31 12.17 12.32
Northern Plains ................: (S) 13.58 17.47 (S) 15.60 16.73 16.68
Southern Plains ................: 12.84 14.59 14.77 14.50 13.62 14.17 13.94
Mountain 5/ ....................: 14.15 15.20 15.49 14.08 14.52 15.32 15.09
Pacific and California .........: 15.73 15.90 16.86 17.01 16.84 17.43 17.27
:
48 States 6/ ...................: 13.62 14.09 14.50 14.98 15.01 16.13 15.61
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II.
3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II.
4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II.
5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III.
6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions
and 48 States: October 6-12, 2019
[Excludes agricultural service workers]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Gross value sales-$1,000 :
Regions1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------: All
: <50 : 50-99 : 100-249 : 250-499 : 500-999 : 1,000+ : farms
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast 2/ ...................: (S) 13.74 14.32 14.11 14.20 15.36 14.98
Appalachian 3/ .................: 12.89 11.70 12.44 13.69 12.22 13.43 13.08
Southeast and Florida ..........: (S) 12.30 12.83 11.49 12.25 13.18 12.84
Lake ...........................: 12.57 13.70 12.92 15.22 16.48 16.00 15.64
Cornbelt 4/ ....................: 13.62 13.48 13.77 14.50 14.28 16.39 15.28
Delta ..........................: (S) 10.80 12.58 11.63 11.69 11.56 11.74
Northern Plains ................: 13.67 12.35 12.04 15.31 15.83 16.57 15.87
Southern Plains ................: 12.44 13.18 14.16 14.86 14.00 13.23 13.33
Mountain 5/ ....................: 13.04 14.05 14.05 14.33 12.95 14.40 14.18
Pacific and California .........: 15.60 16.63 16.86 15.89 15.64 16.49 16.43
:
48 States 6/ ...................: 12.95 13.68 14.40 14.35 14.35 15.46 15.01
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II.
3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II.
4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II.
5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III.
6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
All Hired Worker Gross Wage Rates by Economic Class of Farm - Regions
and 48 States: July 7-13, 2019
[Excludes agricultural service workers]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Gross value sales-$1,000 :
Regions1/ :-----------------------------------------------------------: All
: <50 : 50-99 : 100-249 : 250-499 : 500-999 : 1,000+ : farms
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast 2/ ...................: (S) 13.49 13.25 13.68 13.71 14.99 14.61
Appalachian 3/ .................: 12.53 12.55 12.68 13.52 12.48 13.50 13.10
Southeast and Florida ..........: (S) 12.77 12.23 11.22 12.16 12.91 12.61
Lake ...........................: 12.56 13.79 12.21 14.42 15.64 15.48 15.05
Cornbelt 4/ ....................: (S) 11.17 13.58 14.51 14.38 16.15 15.01
Delta ..........................: (S) 10.75 12.53 11.62 12.04 11.91 12.03
Northern Plains ................: (S) 12.88 15.50 13.32 15.14 16.21 15.61
Southern Plains ................: 13.69 12.58 13.54 14.31 13.45 13.22 13.41
Mountain 5/ ....................: 12.20 12.80 13.07 14.95 14.43 14.23 14.08
Pacific and California .........: 15.78 15.66 16.74 16.76 16.01 16.30 16.31
:
48 States 6/ ...................: 13.11 13.36 14.21 14.51 14.52 15.31 14.90
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Includes Northeast I and Northeast II.
3/ Includes Appalachian I and Appalachian II.
4/ Includes Cornbelt I and Cornbelt II.
5/ Includes Mountain I, Mountain II, and Mountain III.
6/ Excludes Alaska and Hawaii.
Field and Livestock Workers by Type of Farm
[Excludes agricultural service workers, Alaska, and Hawaii]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: July 7-13, : October 6-12, : January 12-18, : April 12-18, : July 12-18, : October 11-17,
Type of farm : 2019 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: percent
:
Field crop farms .....................: 12 14 13 14 12 16
Other crop farms .....................: 57 55 43 48 57 53
Livestock, dairy, and poultry farms ..: 31 31 44 38 31 31
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hired Workers by Economic Class of Farm
[Excludes agricultural service workers, Alaska, and Hawaii]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: July 7-13, : October 6-12, : January 12-18, : April 12-18, : July 12-18, : October 11-17,
Gross value of sales : 2019 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: percent
:
Less than $50,000 ....................: 8 8 7 7 7 6
$50,000-$99,999 ......................: 4 3 4 4 5 4
$100,000-$249,999 ....................: 8 8 8 10 8 8
$250,000-$499,999 ....................: 8 8 8 8 9 9
$500,000-$999,999 ....................: 11 11 11 11 11 12
$1,000,000 and over ..................: 61 62 62 60 60 61
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hired Workers by Number of Workers on Farm
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: July 7-13, : October 6-12, : January 12-18, : April 12-18, : July 12-18, : October 11-17,
Number of workers on farm : 2019 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020 : 2020
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: percent
1 worker ...........................: 8 9 10 8 8 7
2 workers ..........................: 7 7 10 10 7 7
3-6 workers ........................: 16 16 18 18 17 18
7-10 workers .......................: 8 7 8 8 8 8
11-20 workers ......................: 10 10 11 13 11 11
21-50 workers ......................: 14 15 15 14 13 13
51 or more workers .................: 37 36 28 29 36 36
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hired Workers by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : July 7-13, :October 6-12, : July 12-18, :October 11-17,
Title : SOC Code : 2019 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: --------------------- 1,000 --------------------
Graders and sorters, agricultural products ..................:(45-2041) 13 16 17 15
Agricultural equipment operators ............................:(45-2091) 130 145 140 154
Farmworkers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse ..................:(45-2092) 374 352 346 320
Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals ..........:(45-2093) 165 174 152 153
Agricultural workers, all other .............................:(45-2099) 12 11 13 11
Packers and packagers, hand .................................:(53-7064) 14 19 20 16
:
:
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers ..........:(11-9013) 22 23 25 25
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing workers ..........:(45-1011) 25 26 20 20
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : July 7-13, :October 6-12, : July 12-18, :October 11-17,
Title : SOC Code : 2019 : 2019 : 2020 : 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---------------- dollars per hour ----------------
Graders and sorters, agricultural products ..................:(45-2041) 13.40 13.23 14.00 14.60
Agricultural equipment operators ............................:(45-2091) 14.55 14.64 15.65 15.70
Farmworkers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse ..................:(45-2092) 14.10 14.30 14.80 15.25
Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals ..........:(45-2093) 13.65 13.70 14.45 14.65
Agricultural workers, all other .............................:(45-2099) 13.80 13.98 14.60 14.55
Packers and packagers, hand .................................:(53-7064) 14.05 14.66 14.40 14.85
:
:
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers ..........:(11-9013) 24.60 24.15 25.95 26.35
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing workers ..........:(45-1011) 21.20 21.10 22.65 22.05
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : July 7-13, :October 6-12, : July 12-18, :October 11-17,
Title : SOC Code : 2019 1/ : 2019 1/ : 2020 : 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---------------- dollars per hour ---------------
Graders and sorters, agricultural products ..................:(45-2041) (NA) (NA) 13.80 14.35
Agricultural equipment operators ............................:(45-2091) (NA) (NA) 15.45 15.45
Farmworkers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse ..................:(45-2092) (NA) (NA) 14.50 14.70
Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals ..........:(45-2093) (NA) (NA) 14.20 14.30
Agricultural workers, all other .............................:(45-2099) (NA) (NA) 14.55 14.45
Packers and packagers, hand .................................:(53-7064) (NA) (NA) 14.30 14.40
:
:
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers ..........:(11-9013) (NA) (NA) 25.60 25.90
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing workers ..........:(45-1011) (NA) (NA) 22.25 21.70
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(NA) Not available.
1/ Estimates not established for year 2019.
Annual Average Number of Hired Workers, Gross Wage, and Base Hours Worked - Regions and United States:
2019 and 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Hired workers : Hours worked
Regions1/ and :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : Gross : Base2/ : Gross : Base
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ------- 1,000 ------ ----------------- hours per week ----------------
:
Northeast I .............: 32.5 32.0 40.4 (NA) 41.2 40.5
Northeast II ............: 30.5 26.5 39.6 (NA) 40.0 39.1
:
Appalachian I ...........: 31.5 28.8 38.9 (NA) 38.6 38.0
Appalachian II ..........: 22.8 23.5 39.0 (NA) 39.2 38.5
:
Southeast ...............: 25.0 29.0 39.5 (NA) 38.8 38.2
:
Florida .................: 33.3 36.3 40.8 (NA) 41.8 41.4
:
Lake ....................: 56.0 53.0 40.1 (NA) 40.9 40.2
:
Cornbelt I ..............: 34.8 36.3 36.7 (NA) 39.1 38.4
Cornbelt II .............: 23.3 25.0 37.0 (NA) 38.2 37.6
:
Delta ...................: 27.3 28.8 43.0 (NA) 42.0 41.4
:
Northern Plains .........: 33.8 38.0 42.9 (NA) 43.3 42.6
Southern Plains .........: 43.0 53.8 39.7 (NA) 40.0 39.5
:
Mountain I ..............: 25.8 24.8 45.2 (NA) 47.0 46.3
Mountain II .............: 16.8 18.3 43.4 (NA) 42.1 41.3
Mountain III ............: 15.8 17.0 46.5 (NA) 46.6 45.9
:
Pacific .................: 77.3 72.5 42.7 (NA) 40.7 39.6
California ..............: 151.5 150.3 43.1 (NA) 41.5 39.8
:
Hawaii ..................: 4.5 4.3 36.0 (NA) 34.7 34.4
:
United States ...........: 684.8 697.8 41.2 (NA) 41.1 40.1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(NA) Not available.
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Data not collected for year 2019; estimates not established.
Annual Average Gross Wage Rates - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska. Annual rates are averages of the
published wage rates for each survey week weighted by the number of hours worked
during the week]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Field : Livestock : Field and : All Hired
Regions1/ and : : : Livestock : :
United States :---------------------------------------------------------------
: 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast I ........: 14.65 15.29 13.81 14.54 14.29 14.99 15.39 16.09
Northeast II .......: 13.42 14.35 13.12 13.37 13.34 14.05 14.63 15.10
:
Appalachian I ......: 12.74 13.22 12.46 12.91 12.67 13.15 13.30 13.80
Appalachian II .....: 12.26 12.89 12.61 13.05 12.40 12.96 13.16 13.55
:
Southeast ..........: 11.76 11.86 11.55 11.69 11.71 11.81 12.38 12.34
Florida ............: 11.75 12.01 11.52 12.45 11.71 12.08 12.58 13.12
:
Lake ...............: 14.88 15.07 14.12 14.47 14.40 14.72 15.04 15.44
:
Cornbelt I .........: 14.68 15.61 14.14 14.57 14.52 15.31 15.37 15.99
Cornbelt II ........: 14.35 15.54 14.79 15.20 14.58 15.37 15.26 15.94
:
Delta ..............: 11.74 11.84 12.12 12.03 11.83 11.88 12.21 12.26
:
Northern Plains ....: 16.24 16.68 13.61 15.12 14.99 15.89 15.72 16.46
:
Southern Plains ....: 12.30 12.69 12.96 13.34 12.67 13.03 13.46 13.50
:
Mountain I .........: 13.36 14.25 13.86 14.81 13.62 14.55 14.46 15.20
Mountain II ........: 14.19 14.68 14.35 14.92 14.26 14.82 14.95 15.41
Mountain III .......: 12.39 13.31 13.58 14.13 12.91 13.67 13.61 14.43
:
Pacific ............: 15.91 16.41 14.99 15.78 15.83 16.34 16.37 16.93
California .........: 14.71 16.01 15.04 16.22 14.77 16.05 16.21 17.51
:
Hawaii .............: 14.72 15.15 16.18 17.83 14.90 15.56 16.61 17.25
:
United States ......: 14.11 14.76 13.74 14.35 13.99 14.62 14.91 15.49
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Region map on page 31.
Annual Average Base Wage Rates - Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska. Annual rates are averages of the
published wage rates for each survey week weighted by the number of hours worked
during the week]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Field : Livestock : Field and : All Hired
Regions1/ and : : : Livestock : :
United States :---------------------------------------------------------------
:2019 2/: 2020 :2019 2/: 2020 :2019 2/: 2020 :2019 2/: 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: dollars per hour
:
Northeast I ........: (NA) 15.17 (NA) 14.44 (NA) 14.88 (NA) 15.98
Northeast II .......: (NA) 14.23 (NA) 13.22 (NA) 13.91 (NA) 14.97
:
Appalachian I ......: (NA) 13.14 (NA) 12.83 (NA) 13.06 (NA) 13.71
Appalachian II .....: (NA) 12.77 (NA) 12.93 (NA) 12.84 (NA) 13.44
:
Southeast ..........: (NA) 11.78 (NA) 11.61 (NA) 11.74 (NA) 12.25
Florida ............: (NA) 11.94 (NA) 12.32 (NA) 12.00 (NA) 13.04
:
Lake ...............: (NA) 14.97 (NA) 14.35 (NA) 14.61 (NA) 15.32
:
Cornbelt I .........: (NA) 15.49 (NA) 14.42 (NA) 15.19 (NA) 15.86
Cornbelt II ........: (NA) 15.42 (NA) 15.06 (NA) 15.24 (NA) 15.81
:
Delta ..............: (NA) 11.77 (NA) 11.89 (NA) 11.80 (NA) 12.18
:
Northern Plains ....: (NA) 16.53 (NA) 14.91 (NA) 15.76 (NA) 16.34
:
Southern Plains ....: (NA) 12.66 (NA) 13.19 (NA) 12.95 (NA) 13.41
:
Mountain I .........: (NA) 14.16 (NA) 14.76 (NA) 14.48 (NA) 15.12
Mountain II ........: (NA) 14.33 (NA) 14.87 (NA) 14.62 (NA) 15.22
Mountain III .......: (NA) 13.18 (NA) 13.96 (NA) 13.52 (NA) 14.28
:
Pacific ............: (NA) 15.81 (NA) 15.55 (NA) 15.78 (NA) 16.43
California .........: (NA) 15.83 (NA) 15.98 (NA) 15.86 (NA) 17.36
:
Hawaii .............: (NA) 15.02 (NA) 17.70 (NA) 15.43 (NA) 17.13
:
United States ......: (NA) 14.56 (NA) 14.20 (NA) 14.44 (NA) 15.32
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(NA) Not available.
1/ Region map on page 31.
2/ Estimates not established for year 2019.
Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System -
Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska. Annual gross and base wages are averages of the wage
rates for each survey week weighted by the number of hours worked during the week. Base wages between
2019 and 2020 are not comparable. Refer to Base Wage Rate definition on page 33]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:Graders and sorters, agricultural products : Agricultural equipment operators
: SOC Code (45-2041) : SOC Code (45-2091)
Regions1/ and :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ----------- dollars per hour ---------- ----------- dollars per hour ----------
:
Northeast I ........: 13.29 13.27 14.36 14.25 15.46 14.98 (S) (S)
Northeast II .......: 13.77 12.94 (S) (S) 14.86 (S) 16.52 16.31
:
Appalachian I ......: 11.38 11.17 (S) (S) (S) (S) 14.82 14.68
Appalachian II .....: 11.66 11.66 11.55 11.38 13.97 13.84 13.72 13.66
:
Southeast ..........: 8.90 8.85 (S) (S) 12.22 12.06 11.84 11.80
Florida ............: 12.07 11.87 (S) (S) 12.20 12.02 12.99 12.94
:
Lake ...............: 12.61 11.85 (S) (S) 15.06 14.84 16.04 15.72
:
Cornbelt I .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 16.32 15.62 16.38 16.24
Cornbelt II ........: 14.41 (S) (S) (S) 14.81 14.51 15.84 15.82
:
Delta ..............: (S) (S) (S) (S) 12.13 11.86 12.31 12.28
:
Northern Plains ....: (S) (S) (S) (S) 16.57 16.27 16.60 16.58
:
Southern Plains ....: (S) (S) (S) (S) 13.29 13.17 12.94 12.88
:
Mountain I .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 13.19 12.98 15.26 15.21
Mountain II ........: 13.04 12.72 (S) (S) 14.66 14.24 15.82 15.77
Mountain III .......: 11.90 10.20 (S) (S) 13.09 12.55 14.27 14.15
:
Pacific ............: 14.64 13.92 15.27 15.16 15.98 15.32 16.97 16.75
California .........: 14.59 13.65 16.86 16.47 15.25 13.83 16.89 16.51
:
Hawaii .............: 14.28 14.18 (S) (S) 18.16 (S) 17.96 17.89
:
United States ......: 13.13 12.57 14.09 14.07 14.58 14.06 15.37 (S)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System -
Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued)
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska. Annual gross and base wages are averages of the wage
rates for each survey week weighted by the number of hours worked during the week. Base wages between
2019 and 2020 are not comparable. Refer to Base Wage Rate definition on page 33]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Farmworkers, crop, nursery, : Farmworkers, farm, ranch,
: and greenhouse : and aquacultural animals
: SOC Code (45-2092) : SOC Code (45-2093)
Regions1/ and :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ----------- dollars per hour ---------- ----------- dollars per hour ----------
:
Northeast I ........: 14.52 14.23 15.03 14.84 13.72 13.19 14.38 14.19
Northeast II .......: 13.10 12.81 13.84 13.65 12.66 12.46 (S) (S)
:
Appalachian I ......: 12.54 12.43 12.98 12.91 12.30 12.29 (S) (S)
Appalachian II .....: 11.51 11.37 12.27 12.15 12.47 12.09 12.94 12.76
:
Southeast ..........: 11.74 11.66 11.88 11.78 11.76 11.70 (S) (S)
Florida ............: 11.52 11.38 11.66 11.57 11.47 11.45 12.33 12.17
:
Lake ...............: 14.91 14.45 15.02 14.61 14.04 13.70 14.81 14.56
:
Cornbelt I .........: 13.73 13.25 15.06 14.92 13.75 13.54 14.55 14.39
Cornbelt II ........: 13.92 13.53 (S) (S) 14.76 14.62 15.35 15.20
:
Delta ..............: 11.34 11.19 11.77 11.64 12.03 11.90 12.15 11.95
:
Northern Plains ....: 14.23 14.02 15.04 14.86 13.47 13.20 (S) (S)
:
Southern Plains ....: 12.35 11.92 12.54 12.49 12.61 12.51 13.24 12.98
:
Mountain I .........: 13.75 13.34 14.12 13.92 13.78 13.67 14.47 14.33
Mountain II ........: 13.68 13.47 14.38 14.25 14.12 13.65 14.99 14.81
Mountain III .......: 12.27 11.62 12.72 12.57 13.57 13.37 14.04 13.85
:
Pacific ............: 16.00 14.73 16.71 15.88 14.96 14.60 15.90 15.72
California .........: 14.56 13.64 15.71 15.56 14.93 13.63 16.07 15.76
:
Hawaii .............: 14.33 13.79 14.88 14.78 16.31 15.81 17.57 17.38
:
United States ......: 13.98 13.33 14.59 14.29 13.60 13.22 14.28 14.05
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System -
Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued)
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska. Annual gross and base wages are averages of the wage
rates for each survey week weighted by the number of hours worked during the week. Base wages between
2019 and 2020 are not comparable. Refer to Base Wage Rate definition on page 33]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Agricultural worker, all other : Packers and packagers, hand
: SOC Code (45-2099) : SOC Code (53-7064)
Regions1/ and :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ----------- dollars per hour ---------- ----------- dollars per hour ----------
:
Northeast I ........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 13.42 12.82 15.30 (S)
Northeast II .......: 13.49 13.03 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)
:
Appalachian I ......: (S) (S) 12.77 12.70 (S) (S) (S) (S)
Appalachian II .....: 13.03 12.95 13.28 13.25 11.99 11.98 12.15 12.01
:
Southeast ..........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)
Florida ............: 11.70 11.68 (S) (S) 12.96 12.84 11.38 11.22
:
Lake ...............: 13.25 13.06 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)
:
Cornbelt I .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 14.72 (S)
Cornbelt II ........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)
:
Delta ..............: 11.40 11.37 11.39 11.37 12.25 12.25 12.03 12.02
:
Northern Plains ....: (S) (S) 15.38 15.29 (S) (S) (S) (S)
:
Southern Plains ....: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)
:
Mountain I .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)
Mountain II ........: (S) (S) 15.13 15.04 (S) (S) 13.32 13.24
Mountain III .......: 12.50 12.32 13.46 13.12 (S) (S) (S) (S)
:
Pacific ............: 16.07 15.71 16.07 15.81 13.80 13.50 17.15 17.08
California .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 15.70 13.25 15.51 14.98
:
Hawaii .............: (S) (S) (S) (S) 12.90 (S) (S) (S)
:
United States ......: 14.16 13.86 14.17 (S) 14.07 12.91 14.39 14.34
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Annual Average Gross Wage Rates and Base Wage Rates by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System -
Regions and United States: 2019 and 2020 (continued)
[Excludes agricultural service workers and Alaska. Annual gross and base wages are averages of the wage
rates for each survey week weighted by the number of hours worked during the week. Base wages between
2019 and 2020 are not comparable. Refer to Base Wage Rate definition on page 33]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Farmers, ranchers, and other : First-line supervisors of
: agricultural managers : farming, fishing workers
: SOC Code (11-9013) : SOC Code (45-1011)
Regions1/ and :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States : 2019 : 2020 : 2019 : 2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage :Gross wage:Base wage
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ----------- dollars per hour ---------- ----------- dollars per hour ----------
:
Northeast I ........: (S) (S) 24.74 24.43 (S) (S) 23.28 23.05
Northeast II .......: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)
:
Appalachian I ......: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)
Appalachian II .....: (S) (S) (S) (S) 19.77 19.46 (S) (S)
:
Southeast ..........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 19.51 19.30 19.69 19.28
Florida ............: 22.15 22.06 (S) (S) 20.90 20.71 22.56 22.35
:
Lake ...............: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 22.58 (S)
:
Cornbelt I .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) 21.40 20.66 (S) (S)
Cornbelt II ........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)
:
Delta ..............: 19.88 19.67 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)
:
Northern Plains ....: (S) (S) (S) (S) 20.97 20.87 (S) (S)
:
Southern Plains ....: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)
:
Mountain I .........: 21.07 (S) (S) (S) 20.33 (S) (S) (S)
Mountain II ........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 20.93 20.67
Mountain III .......: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 20.74 (S)
:
Pacific ............: 24.79 24.48 (S) (S) 20.30 20.09 21.66 21.40
California .........: 31.70 30.95 33.78 33.58 23.46 22.35 24.39 24.20
:
Hawaii .............: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)
:
United States ......: 24.66 24.24 25.57 25.37 21.36 20.85 22.48 22.22
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1/ Region map on page 31.
Region States
Northeast I Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
New York, Rhode Island, Vermont.
Northeast II Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania.
Appalachian I North Carolina, Virginia.
Appalachian II Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia.
Southeast Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina.
Lake Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin.
Cornbelt I Illinois, Indiana, Ohio.
Cornbelt II Iowa, Missouri.
Delta Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi.
Northern Plains Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota.
Southern Plains Oklahoma, Texas.
Mountain I Idaho, Montana, Wyoming.
Mountain II Colorado, Nevada, Utah.
Mountain III Arizona, New Mexico.
Pacific Oregon, Washington.
Farm Labor Definitions
The following definitions are provided to assist in interpreting statistics
published in Farm Labor reports. To ensure consistency in data collection,
the questionnaires and instruction manual used by the interviewers provide
more in-depth explanations of these terms.
Farm or Ranch: The target population unit for the Farm Labor Survey, which is
any place with $1,000 or more in annual agricultural sales (or potential
sales).
Agricultural Work: Work done on a farm or ranch in connection with the
production of agricultural products, including nursery and greenhouse
products and animal specialties such as fur farms or apiaries. Also included
is work done off the farm to handle farm related business, such as trips to
buy feed or deliver products to local market.
Hired Worker: Anyone, other than an agricultural service worker, who was paid
for at least one hour of agricultural work on a farm or ranch. Worker type is
determined by what the employee was primarily hired to do, not necessarily
what work was done during the survey week. Types of workers include:
Field Workers: Employees engaged in planting, tending and harvesting crops
including operation of farm machinery on crop farms. The Standard
Occupation Classification (SOC) codes and titles associated with field
workers are 45-2041: Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products; 45-2091:
Agricultural Equipment Operators; 45-2092: Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop,
Nursery and Greenhouse; 45-2099: Agricultural Workers, All Other; 53-7064:
Packers and Packagers, Hand.
Livestock Workers: Employees tending livestock, milking cows or caring for
poultry, including operation of farm machinery on livestock or poultry
operations. SOC codes and titles associated with livestock workers are 45-
2041: Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products; 45-2093: Farmworkers,
Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals; 45-2099: Agricultural Workers, All
Other; 53-7064: Packers and Packagers, Hand.
Supervisors: Hired managers, range foremen, crew leaders, etc. SOC codes
and titles associated with supervisors are 11-9013: Farmers, Ranchers, and
Other Agricultural Managers; 45-1011: First-Line Supervisors of Farming,
Fishing, and Forestry Workers.
Other Workers: Employees engaged in agricultural work not included in the
other three categories. Bookkeepers and pilots are examples. SOC codes and
titles associated with other workers include but are not limited to 45-
2011: Agricultural Inspectors; 45-2021: Animal Breeders; 37-2012:
Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation.
For more information on the applicable Standard Occupational Classification
codes, see "Crosswalk from National Agricultural Statistics Service Farm
Labor Survey to the Standard Occupational Classification System" at the
"Surveys and Programs" page for Farm Labor, on the NASS website
(http://www.nass.usda.gov).
Methods of Pay: All wage rates are calculated based on total wages paid and
total hours worked during the survey reference week. Wages paid other than
hourly (bi-weekly, monthly, etc.) are converted to an hourly basis prior to
summarization. Wages paid by piece rate (per quantity of produce picked,
etc.) are also converted to an hourly basis.
Base Hours: Base hours are the number of hours worked, for which base wages
are paid. Base hours are used in the calculation of base wage rates beginning
in year 2020. Base hours were not collected prior to year 2020.
Gross Wage Rate: Gross wages are the total amount paid to workers before
taxes and other deductions; the rate is per hour. The worker's share of social
security and unemployment insurance is included, but the employer's share is
excluded. Gross wages may include in-kind payments (e.g., agricultural
product like a side of beef, bushels of grain, etc.) provided in lieu of
wages for work done. The value of perquisites is excluded from gross wages.
Base Wage Rate: Base wages are gross wages less regularly paid bonuses,
overtime pay, or other incentive pay. Beginning in year 2020, the rate is per
base hour. In 2019, the rate is per gross hour. For employees receiving
incentive pay such as piece rate pay or commissions, base wages are the
minimum amount guaranteed.
Perquisites: Benefits, such as cash bonuses, housing, or meals, provided to
an employee in addition to pay are included in perquisites. Wage rates
published in this release do not include the value of these benefits.
Term of Employment: The length of time during the year the farm operator
expects to employ those workers who were on the payroll during the survey
week.
Agricultural Service: Any farm-related service performed on a farm or ranch
on a contract or fee basis. This primarily includes activities performed by
contract workers on fruit, vegetable, or berry operations. It also includes
custom work, veterinarian work, artificial insemination, sheep shearing, milk
testing, or any other farm-related activity performed on a farm or ranch on a
"fee per service" basis. The agricultural services component has been
discontinued from the Farm Labor Survey.
Contract Labor: Contract workers are paid by a crew leader, contractor,
buyer, processor, cooperative, or other person who has an oral or written
agreement with a farmer/rancher. Pruning, thinning, weeding or harvesting of
fruit, vegetable or berry crops are examples. A machine is not a part of the
service activity provided by the contractor. The Farm Labor Survey excludes
measures of contract labor.
Custom Work: Work performed by machines and labor hired as a unit. Hay
baling, combining, corn or cotton picking, spraying, fertilizing, and laser
leveling are examples of custom work when the equipment is included in the
service activity. The Farm Labor Survey excludes measures of custom labor.
Type of Farm (or Ranch): An operation is classified in the farm type which
accounts for the largest portion of the total gross value of sales for its
agricultural production.
Types of farms broken out in this publication are:
Field Crops: A farm producing wheat, rice, corn, soybeans, barley, dry
beans, rye, sorghum, cotton, popcorn, tobacco, or other such crops.
Other Crops: A farm producing vegetables, melons, berry crops, grapes,
tree nuts, citrus fruits, deciduous tree fruits, avocados, dates, figs,
olives, nursery, or greenhouse crops. This category also includes farms
producing potatoes, sugar crops, hay, peanuts, hops, mint, and maple
syrup.
Livestock or Poultry: A farm producing cattle, hogs, sheep, goats,
milk, chickens, eggs, turkeys, or animal specialties such as furs,
fish, honey, etc.
Gross Value of Sales: This includes all income during a year from the sale of
crops, livestock, dairy, poultry, or other related agricultural products,
including the landlord's share and the value of products produced under
contract. When commodities are placed under CCC loan, they are considered
sold.
Survey Methodology
Survey Procedures: The NASS Agricultural (Farm) Labor Survey is normally
conducted semi-annually in April and October, in all surveyed states except
California. During the April data collection, data for both January and April
reference weeks are collected. During the October data collection, data for
both July and October reference weeks are collected. The quarterly reference
week is the Sunday to Saturday period which includes the 12th day of the
month. For California, collection of these data is currently conducted on a
quarterly basis, as part of the California Employment Development Department
monthly labor program. Due to the suspension and subsequent reinstatement of
the U.S. level survey, data collection for the October 2020 Farm Labor Survey
was conducted December 10, 2020 to January 21, 2021. The reference periods
remained the Sunday through Saturday weeks that included the 12th day of the
months of July 2020 and October 2020.
The target population for the Farm Labor Survey program is all operations
which meet the definition of a farm or ranch. An optimal sample is selected
in each state. Beginning with the July and October 2019 survey, the sample
size was increased to approximately 38,000 operations to accommodate program
expansion. The Farm Labor Survey is a multiple frame survey, incorporating
samples from both the NASS list and area frames to ensure adequate coverage.
Farms and ranches on the list frame are sampled through a hierarchical
stratified design, with strata based on measures of size. Those operations
with associated control data indicating peak numbers of workers are
stratified based on these values, and those expected to employ large numbers
of workers (higher peak number values) are selected with the greatest
frequency. Farms on the list frame which do not have peak worker control data
are stratified and sampled based on farm value of sales. Farms stratified by
farm value of sales are selected at a lower frequency.
In order to provide coverage of farms not currently part of the NASS list
frame, a second sample is drawn consisting of segments of land selected from
the NASS area frame. The area frame contains all land in the state and, as
such, is complete. The land is stratified according to intensity of
agriculture using satellite imagery. The land in each stratum is divided into
segments of roughly one square mile. Segments are optimally allocated and
sampled to effectively measure crops and livestock. The sampled segments are
fully enumerated in June. All farms and ranches found operating tracts in
these segments are checked to see if they are included in the list frame
hired labor population. The farms and ranches that are not included in the
list frame labor population, called nonoverlap tracts, are sampled for the
Farm Labor Survey so that the target population is completely represented.
The area frame component is enumerated during each semi-annual Farm Labor
Survey data collection period along with the list sample.
Most respondents are first contacted through self-administered mailed
questionnaires, which can be completed either by hand or securely online.
Nonresponse to the mail and online request is followed-up by telephone
enumeration. All manually completed survey questionnaires are returned to the
NASS National Operations Center, where they are visually reviewed and key
entered.
Throughout the data collection process, steps are taken to minimize the
impact of nonsampling errors such as reporting, recording, and editing
errors. These steps include questionnaire testing, comprehensive interviewer
training, validation, and verification of processing systems, application of
detailed computer edits, and evaluation of the data via analysis tools.
Estimating Procedures: Nonresponse adjustment is necessary to account for
producers who refuse to participate in the survey, cannot be located during
the data collection period, or who submit incomplete reports. These
nonrespondents must be accounted for if accurate estimates of farm labor are
to be made. For the Farm Labor Survey, nonrespondents are accounted for by
adjusting the weights of the respondents. The adjustment occurs by stratum as
all strata represent homogeneous groupings of similar sized farms. The
adjustment is performed by individual item on the questionnaire so
adjustments for item nonresponse (partial reports) and unit nonresponse
(refusals and inaccessibles) are done in a single calculation.
For estimation of data items, point estimates called direct expansions are
calculated by multiplying the reported value by the final adjusted weight
(initial sampling weight adjusted for nonresponse) and summing to a stratum
total. A variance estimate is also computed at the stratum level. The
nonoverlap tracts are treated as an additional stratum. Totals and variances
are additive across strata to form state level point estimates.
Ratio estimates are also computed for many items. For example, wage rates are
calculated as the ratio of total wages to total hours worked. Ratio estimates
use the reweighted estimator described above for the numerator and
denominator direct expansions. Both the numerator and denominator must be
usable in order for that record to be used in the ratio estimator.
The number of hired workers, average hours worked, average wage rate data,
and all associated sub-items are summarized from the dataset. Because an
identical data collection instrument (questionnaire) and follow-up interview
are used for all states, as well as identical editing, analysis, and
summarization processes, state data can be summarized and regional and
national survey point estimates computed. For estimation purposes, point
estimates are adopted as survey indications for all data items. The summary
results provide multiple direct and ratio indications for each data series
being estimated. The results also provide information used to assess the
performance of the current survey and evaluate the quality of the survey
indications. NASS Regional Field Offices review the state level indications
and submit state level comments documenting state specific concerns to NASS
headquarters. NASS headquarters completes the regional and national level
summaries, which utilize the same estimators and produce the same indications
as the state level summaries.
All estimates are set at NASS headquarters. Starting in 2020, model-based
estimates of hired workers, average hours worked, average wage rates, and the
associated sub-items are produced to support the NASS estimation processes.
Statistical models are mathematical equations that relate quantities of
interest (in this case, number of workers, hours, and wage rates) to a set of
important input factors. The models used by NASS relate the direct expansions
obtained from the current Farm Labor Survey to previous year, same quarter
official estimates. This modeling approach improves the precision of the
resulting estimates. In particular, estimates in publication cells derived
from few reports become more precise than estimates derived from the survey
alone.
For the final step in the estimation process, NASS assembles a panel of
statisticians to serve as the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB) for the
Farm Labor Survey. The Farm Labor ASB reviews both the modeled and survey
indications and establishes all final, official estimates for the Farm Labor
Survey program. Since larger sample sizes yield more precise results, the ASB
employs the "top-down" approach by determining the national level estimates
first and reconciling the state, regional, and national numbers for all
estimates including number of hired workers, average hours worked, average
wage rates, and associated sub-items. As part of the semi-annual process, the
ASB also considers revised indications and issues revisions of previously
published estimates where appropriate. Additionally, the ASB reviews the
annual average estimates for the November publication, which are summarized
from the final regional and national level estimates for each of the four
quarters. Through examining indications across states and regions, re-
examining outliers, and considering state level comments, the ASB is able to
establish all final estimates according to both local conditions and regional
and national conditions and trends.
Farm Labor Survey Reinstatement: The suspension and subsequent reinstatement
of the October 2020 Farm Labor Survey changed the maximum recall period
(i.e., the time between when agricultural producers first have data
available, and when the survey is conducted) for the survey from
approximately three months to approximately six months. NASS was unable to
research what effect, if any, the extended recall period had on data quality.
However, NASS conducts other data collections with longer recall periods
(such as the annual Agricultural Resource Management Survey and the
quinquennial Census of Agriculture have recall periods of up to a year).
External Factors: In addition to the delay in data collection for the October
2020 Farm Labor Survey, all NASS data collections taking place after
approximately mid-March 2020 were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In March
2020, NASS stopped face-to-face (in person) data collection and began
decentralizing its telephone data collection centers. This meant that
telephone interviewers who normally worked in central facilities, now
conducted interviews from their homes using NASS-issued equipment. It also
meant that interviewers who normally conducted in-person interviews, now also
conducted telephone interviews from their homes. NASS was unable to research
what effect, if any, this change in enumerator practice had on data quality.
October 2020 Farm Labor Survey Metrics: The table below provides a variety of
information, including sample sizes and response rates, for the four most
recent instances of the Farm Labor Survey. The information is intended to
provide data users with data to compare the performance of the October 2020
Farm Labor Survey with other instances of the survey. Any differences may be
a result of collecting the data in December instead of October, NASS and non-
NASS factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic, random error, or other
unidentified sources.
Farm Labor Survey Sample Sizes and Response Rates - United States: 2017-2020
Item
Farm Labor Survey 1
2017
2018
2019
2020
Apr
Oct
Apr
Oct
Apr
Oct
Apr
Dec
Sample
size
12,487
12,601
10,421
10,993
30,195
35,948
34,970
34,890
Reference
week
Jan
Apr
Jul
Oct
Jan
Apr
Jul
Oct
Jan
Apr
Jul
Oct
Jan
Apr
Jul
Oct
Response
rate
54.8
55.4
55.3
55.7
53.
8
54.0
52.
8
53.1
51.2
51.1
51.4
51.5
54.4
54.2
43.9
43.9
Refusal
rate
15.4
14.9
15.6
15.2
15.
1
14.9
13.
9
13.6
14.0
14.1
14.2
14.1
13.8
14.0
13.5
13.5
Inaccessib
le rate
26.7
26.7
26.0
26.0
27.
8
27.8
28.
9
28.9
30.8
30.8
31.4
31.4
28.2
28.2
38.7
38.7
Response
by mode
(%)
Mail
18.0
18.0
17.6
17.6
19.
3
19.3
18.
8
18.8
20.5
20.5
19.1
19.1
22.1
22.1
17.4
17.4
Telephone
39.8
39.8
42.5
42.5
38.
8
38.8
37.
4
37.4
35.5
35.5
34.2
34.2
44.5
44.5
36.4
36.4
Face-to-
face
14.3
14.3
15.0
15.0
13.
1
13.1
12.
0
12.0
8.9
8.9
10.3
10.3
1.9
1.9
0.8
0.8
Web
2.7
2.7
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
2.7
2.7
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.4
6.1
6.1
4.5
4.5
Other
25.2
25.2
23.3
23.3
27.
0
27.0
29.
1
29.1
31.5
31.5
33.0
33.0
25.4
25.4
40.9
40.9
Overall
average
number of
dialing
attempts
10.3
11.8
11.5
13.2
7.9 2
8.1
Not
availabl
e 3
7.3
1 The Farm Labor Survey is conducted twice a year, typically in April and
October. Each survey instance collects data for two reference weeks. The
survey conducted in April collects data for January and April, and the survey
conducted in October (or December in 2020) collects data for July and
October.
2 The decision was made in 2019 to limit call attempts to 10 as additional
calling did not increase response rates significantly and as a cost savings
measure.
3 Due to covid precautions, April 2020 data collection was done by field
enumerators instead of through centralized call centers.
NASS encountered several data collection challenges for the 2020 October Farm
Labor Survey. One challenge was balancing resources between the Farm Labor
Survey and several other large surveys that took place in the December-
January time period. Collectively, these surveys stressed NASS's Data
Collection Centers, and possibly contributed to lower-than-desired response
rates across all surveys. In addition, multiple federal holidays posed the
typical challenges of being able to contact producers and recruiting
enumerators to work. In addition to enumerator challenges, NASS received
several reports of United States Postal Service (USPS) delays, resulting in
either delays in producers receiving Farm Labor Survey questionnaires, or
NASS receiving completed questionnaires.
NASS received several comments from enumerators that stated producers refused
to respond to the 2020 October Farm Labor Survey due to family situations
speculated to be related to the COVID-19 pandemic. While no empirical data
are available related to the efficacy of the longer-than-normal recall
period, enumerator comments suggest a mixture of impacts. Some enumerator-
received comments suggest the longer recall period had no effect, while
others suggest it contributed to respondents having recall problems providing
July 2020 data. Collectively, the enumerator-received comments provide
glimpses of respondents' reactions to the survey, rather than empirical
evidence of survey error.
More information on the historical performance of the Agricultural Labor
Survey may be found in Farm Labor Methodology and Quality Measures, available
on NASS's website at
https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Methodology_and_Data_Quality/Farm_Labo
r/index.php. The Farm Labor Methodology and Quality Measures for the October
2020 Farm Labor Survey will be published in mid-March 2021.
Revision Policy: Farm labor statistics are subject to revision semi-annually
and annually. Revisions must be supported by additional data that directly
affect the level of the estimate. Farm labor data for July and October 2019
and April 2020 were subject to revision with this report.
Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Environmental, Economics, and
Demographics Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for
additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov.
Tony Dorn, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch.......... (202) 720-6146
Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section......................................... (202) 720-4447
Stephanie Brennan - Farm Computer Use, Farm Production Expenditures....... (202) 690-0392
Kuan Chen - Prices, Prices Indexes, Parity Prices......................... (202) 690-3347
Doug Farmer - Chemical Use, Land Values................................... (202) 690-3229
Zoe Johnson - Cash Receipts, Farm Production Expenditures................. (202) 720-5446
Michael Mathison - Cash Rents, Farms, Land in Farms, Grazing Fees......... (202) 720-3243
Max Reason - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes.. (202) 720-8844
Theresa Varner - Farm Labor............................................... (202) 690-3231
Access to NASS Reports
For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following
ways:
All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web
site: www.nass.usda.gov
Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-
mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit
www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right
corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports
you would like to receive.
Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and
other agencies archived reports. The new website,
https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing
reports will be sent from the new website,
https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via
e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account
and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an
account or subscribe, they are located at:
https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist
notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to
avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders.
For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural
Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail:
nass@usda.gov.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against
its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race,
color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion,
reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial
or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's
income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic
information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded
by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs
and/or employment activities.)
If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination,
complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online
at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer,
or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may
also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form.
Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue,
S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at
program.intake@usda.gov.Farm Labor