Cattle
ISSN: 1948-9099
Released January 29, 2021, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).
January 1 Cattle Inventory Down Slightly
All cattle and calves in the United States as of January 1, 2021 totaled
93.6 million head, slightly below the 93.8 million head on January 1, 2020.
All cows and heifers that have calved, at 40.6 million head, were slightly
below the 40.7 million head on January 1, 2020. Beef cows, at
31.2 million head, were down 1 percent from a year ago. Milk cows, at
9.44 million head, were up 1 percent from the previous year.
All heifers 500 pounds and over as of January 1, 2021 totaled 20.0 million
head, slightly below the 20.0 million head on January 1, 2020. Beef
replacement heifers, at 5.81 million head, were up slightly from a year ago.
Milk replacement heifers, at 4.60 million head, were down 2 percent from the
previous year. Other heifers, at 9.58 million head, were 1 percent above a
year earlier.
Steers weighing 500 pounds and over as of January 1, 2021 totaled
16.6 million head, up slightly from January 1, 2020.
Bulls weighing 500 pounds and over as of January 1, 2021 totaled
2.21 million head, down 1 percent from January 1, 2020.
Calves under 500 pounds as of January 1, 2021 totaled 14.2 million head, down
1 percent from January 1, 2020.
Cattle and calves on feed for the slaughter market in the United States for
all feedlots totaled 14.7 million head on January 1, 2021. The inventory is
up slightly from the January 1, 2020 total of 14.7 million head. Cattle on
feed in feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head accounted for
81.4 percent of the total cattle on feed on January 1, 2021, down slightly
from the previous year. The combined total of calves under 500 pounds and
other heifers and steers over 500 pounds (outside of feedlots) at
25.7 million head, was slightly below January 1, 2020.
Calf Crop Down 1 Percent
The 2020 calf crop in the United States was estimated at 35.1 million head,
down 1 percent from the previous year's calf crop. Calves born during the
first half of 2020 were estimated at 25.8 million head, down 1 percent from
the first half of 2019. Calves born during the second half of 2020 were
estimated at 9.39 million head, 27 percent of the total 2020 calf crop.
Revisions
All inventory and calf crop estimates for July 1, 2019, January 1, 2020, and
July 1, 2020 were reviewed using calf crop, official slaughter, import and
export data, and the relationship of new survey information to the prior
surveys. Based on the findings of this review, July 1, 2019 all cattle and
calves decreased by 0.3 percent. January 1, 2020 all cattle and calves
decreased by 0.7 percent and 2019 calf crop decreased by 1.3 percent.
July 1, 2020 all cattle and calves decreased by 0.8 percent and 2020 calf
crop decreased by 1.9 percent.
State level estimates were reviewed and changes were made to reallocate
inventory estimates to the United States total.
This report was approved on January 29, 2021.
Secretary of Agriculture
Designate
Seth Meyer
Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Joseph L. Parsons
Contents
Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021.. 4
All Cattle and Calves Inventory - United States: January 1......................... 4
Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021..... 5
Calf Crop - States and United States: 2019 and 2020................................ 9
All Cattle on Feed Inventory- States and United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021... 10
Cattle Grazing on Small Grain Pasture - 3-State Total: January 1, 2020 and 2021.... 11
Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: July 1, 2019 and 2020..... 11
Calf Crop by Six Month Period - United States: 2019 and 2020....................... 11
Statistical Methodology............................................................ 12
Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates.......................................... 13
Information Contacts............................................................... 13
Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : Percent of
Class : 2020 : 2021 :previous year
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ------ 1,000 head ----- percent
:
All cattle and calves ...................: 93,793.3 93,594.5 100
:
All cows and heifers that have calved ...: 40,681.3 40,598.0 100
Beef cows .............................: 31,338.7 31,157.6 99
Milk cows .............................: 9,342.6 9,440.4 101
:
All heifers 500 pounds and over .........: 20,024.4 20,000.1 100
For beef cow replacement ..............: 5,808.9 5,812.1 100
Expected to calve 1/ ................: 3,500.4 3,546.6 101
For milk cow replacement ..............: 4,684.0 4,604.5 98
Expected to calve 1/ ................: 2,971.4 2,915.9 98
Other heifers .........................: 9,531.5 9,583.5 101
:
Steers 500 pounds and over ..............: 16,541.2 16,597.8 100
Bulls 500 pounds and over ...............: 2,237.4 2,210.5 99
Calves under 500 pounds .................: 14,309.0 14,188.1 99
:
All cattle on feed ......................: 14,657.7 14,707.4 100
:
:--------------------------------------------
: : : Percent of
: 2019 : 2020 :previous year
:--------------------------------------------
Calf crop ...............................: 35,591.6 35,135.5 99
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Replacement heifers expected to calve during the year.
Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: All cattle and calves : All cows and heifers that have calved
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State : : : Percent of : : : Percent of
: 2020 : 2021 :previous year : 2020 : 2021 :previous year
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ------ 1,000 head ----- percent ------ 1,000 head ----- percent
:
Alabama .......: 1,300.0 1,290.0 99 700.0 700.0 100
Alaska ........: 17.0 17.0 100 8.0 7.5 94
Arizona .......: 960.0 980.0 102 390.0 390.0 100
Arkansas ......: 1,730.0 1,770.0 102 920.0 930.0 101
California ....: 5,150.0 5,150.0 100 2,380.0 2,390.0 100
Colorado ......: 2,750.0 2,650.0 96 960.0 860.0 90
Connecticut ...: 49.0 47.0 96 25.0 24.0 96
Delaware ......: 15.0 13.0 87 6.0 5.5 92
Florida .......: 1,680.0 1,690.0 101 1,020.0 1,040.0 102
Georgia .......: 1,090.0 1,090.0 100 600.0 590.0 98
:
Hawaii ........: 140.0 142.0 101 76.0 77.0 101
Idaho .........: 2,470.0 2,500.0 101 1,130.0 1,120.0 99
Illinois ......: 1,090.0 1,050.0 96 460.0 440.0 96
Indiana .......: 840.0 850.0 101 370.0 385.0 104
Iowa ..........: 3,850.0 3,650.0 95 1,120.0 1,110.0 99
Kansas ........: 6,400.0 6,500.0 102 1,610.0 1,650.0 102
Kentucky ......: 2,110.0 2,090.0 99 1,070.0 1,030.0 96
Louisiana .....: 780.0 775.0 99 465.0 455.0 98
Maine .........: 80.0 76.0 95 39.0 37.0 95
Maryland ......: 179.0 177.0 99 89.0 88.0 99
:
Massachusetts .: 34.0 37.0 109 15.5 17.0 110
Michigan ......: 1,150.0 1,140.0 99 520.0 540.0 104
Minnesota .....: 2,260.0 2,140.0 95 810.0 800.0 99
Mississippi ...: 920.0 920.0 100 490.0 490.0 100
Missouri ......: 4,300.0 4,300.0 100 2,160.0 2,110.0 98
Montana .......: 2,500.0 2,450.0 98 1,440.0 1,430.0 99
Nebraska ......: 6,750.0 6,850.0 101 1,980.0 1,960.0 99
Nevada ........: 480.0 470.0 98 280.0 275.0 98
New Hampshire .: 32.0 32.0 100 15.0 15.5 103
New Jersey ....: 28.0 25.0 89 14.0 13.0 93
:
New Mexico ....: 1,430.0 1,390.0 97 810.0 800.0 99
New York ......: 1,460.0 1,420.0 97 730.0 720.0 99
North Carolina : 810.0 800.0 99 410.0 410.0 100
North Dakota ..: 1,880.0 1,950.0 104 1,010.0 990.0 98
Ohio ..........: 1,290.0 1,260.0 98 550.0 560.0 102
Oklahoma ......: 5,150.0 5,300.0 103 2,150.0 2,230.0 104
Oregon ........: 1,280.0 1,250.0 98 660.0 650.0 98
Pennsylvania ..: 1,520.0 1,430.0 94 700.0 690.0 99
Rhode Island ..: 4.3 3.5 81 1.8 1.5 83
South Carolina : 340.0 330.0 97 190.0 178.0 94
:
South Dakota ..: 3,900.0 4,000.0 103 1,910.0 1,940.0 102
Tennessee .....: 1,810.0 1,790.0 99 940.0 930.0 99
Texas .........: 12,900.0 13,100.0 102 5,150.0 5,300.0 103
Utah ..........: 820.0 800.0 98 455.0 440.0 97
Vermont .......: 250.0 245.0 98 137.0 134.0 98
Virginia ......: 1,450.0 1,390.0 96 700.0 670.0 96
Washington ....: 1,200.0 1,140.0 95 510.0 500.0 98
West Virginia .: 395.0 375.0 95 205.0 195.0 95
Wisconsin .....: 3,450.0 3,450.0 100 1,570.0 1,570.0 100
Wyoming .......: 1,320.0 1,300.0 98 730.0 710.0 97
:
United States .: 93,793.3 93,594.5 100 40,681.3 40,598.0 100
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--continued
Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021 (continued)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Beef cows that have calved : Milk cows that have calved
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State : : : Percent of : : : Percent of
: 2020 : 2021 :previous year : 2020 : 2021 :previous year
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ------ 1,000 head ----- percent ----- 1,000 head ----- percent
:
Alabama .......: 696.0 697.0 100 4.0 3.0 75
Alaska ........: 7.7 7.3 95 0.3 0.2 67
Arizona .......: 194.0 194.0 100 196.0 196.0 100
Arkansas ......: 915.0 925.0 101 5.0 5.0 100
California ....: 655.0 670.0 102 1,725.0 1,720.0 100
Colorado ......: 771.0 659.0 85 189.0 201.0 106
Connecticut ...: 5.5 5.0 91 19.5 19.0 97
Delaware ......: 2.2 1.8 82 3.8 3.7 97
Florida .......: 904.0 929.0 103 116.0 111.0 96
Georgia .......: 519.0 509.0 98 81.0 81.0 100
:
Hawaii ........: 75.3 76.4 101 0.7 0.6 86
Idaho .........: 490.0 474.0 97 640.0 646.0 101
Illinois ......: 378.0 356.0 94 82.0 84.0 102
Indiana .......: 194.0 194.0 100 176.0 191.0 109
Iowa ..........: 905.0 890.0 98 215.0 220.0 102
Kansas ........: 1,443.0 1,477.0 102 167.0 173.0 104
Kentucky ......: 1,021.0 983.0 96 49.0 47.0 96
Louisiana .....: 455.0 445.0 98 10.0 10.0 100
Maine .........: 11.0 10.0 91 28.0 27.0 96
Maryland ......: 47.0 45.0 96 42.0 43.0 102
:
Massachusetts .: 5.5 7.0 127 10.0 10.0 100
Michigan ......: 93.0 100.0 108 427.0 440.0 103
Minnesota .....: 365.0 345.0 95 445.0 455.0 102
Mississippi ...: 482.0 482.0 100 8.0 8.0 100
Missouri ......: 2,083.0 2,035.0 98 77.0 75.0 97
Montana .......: 1,428.0 1,419.0 99 12.0 11.0 92
Nebraska ......: 1,922.0 1,900.0 99 58.0 60.0 103
Nevada ........: 249.0 245.0 98 31.0 30.0 97
New Hampshire .: 4.0 4.5 113 11.0 11.0 100
New Jersey ....: 9.3 8.6 92 4.7 4.4 94
:
New Mexico ....: 480.0 463.0 96 330.0 337.0 102
New York ......: 105.0 95.0 90 625.0 625.0 100
North Carolina : 369.0 370.0 100 41.0 40.0 98
North Dakota ..: 995.0 975.0 98 15.0 15.0 100
Ohio ..........: 298.0 302.0 101 252.0 258.0 102
Oklahoma ......: 2,109.0 2,189.0 104 41.0 41.0 100
Oregon ........: 533.0 525.0 98 127.0 125.0 98
Pennsylvania ..: 220.0 215.0 98 480.0 475.0 99
Rhode Island ..: 1.2 1.0 83 0.6 0.5 83
South Carolina : 179.0 168.0 94 11.0 10.0 91
:
South Dakota ..: 1,783.0 1,799.0 101 127.0 141.0 111
Tennessee .....: 909.0 900.0 99 31.0 30.0 97
Texas .........: 4,570.0 4,685.0 103 580.0 615.0 106
Utah ..........: 358.0 345.0 96 97.0 95.0 98
Vermont .......: 13.0 14.0 108 124.0 120.0 97
Virginia ......: 626.0 595.0 95 74.0 75.0 101
Washington ....: 228.0 221.0 97 282.0 279.0 99
West Virginia .: 199.0 190.0 95 6.0 5.0 83
Wisconsin .....: 310.0 310.0 100 1,260.0 1,260.0 100
Wyoming .......: 724.0 702.0 97 6.0 8.0 133
:
United States .: 31,338.7 31,157.6 99 9,342.6 9,440.4 101
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--continued
Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021 (continued)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: All heifers 500 pounds and over
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State : Beef cow replacement : Milk cow replacement : Other
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head
:
Alabama .......: 119.0 103.0 2.0 2.0 44.0 45.0
Alaska ........: 1.2 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3
Arizona .......: 25.0 25.0 115.0 120.0 15.0 15.0
Arkansas ......: 150.0 158.0 3.0 3.0 70.0 74.0
California ....: 120.0 125.0 760.0 750.0 210.0 205.0
Colorado ......: 155.0 130.0 115.0 120.0 570.0 570.0
Connecticut ...: 2.0 1.9 9.5 9.0 1.5 1.1
Delaware ......: 0.7 0.6 1.8 1.5 0.5 0.3
Florida .......: 130.0 130.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 25.0
Georgia .......: 90.0 100.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 25.0
:
Hawaii ........: 11.0 11.5 1.0 1.0 5.0 5.0
Idaho .........: 130.0 100.0 330.0 370.0 200.0 210.0
Illinois ......: 60.0 65.0 45.0 45.0 90.0 95.0
Indiana .......: 41.0 38.0 75.0 77.0 45.0 46.0
Iowa ..........: 145.0 155.0 115.0 125.0 600.0 520.0
Kansas ........: 250.0 270.0 140.0 150.0 1,550.0 1,590.0
Kentucky ......: 125.0 135.0 40.0 40.0 110.0 120.0
Louisiana .....: 82.0 80.0 3.0 3.0 20.0 22.0
Maine .........: 3.5 4.0 14.0 13.0 3.5 3.0
Maryland ......: 11.0 7.5 26.0 23.5 8.0 5.0
:
Massachusetts .: 2.0 3.0 6.5 6.0 1.0 1.0
Michigan ......: 23.0 20.0 175.0 160.0 32.0 40.0
Minnesota .....: 95.0 80.0 235.0 200.0 160.0 160.0
Mississippi ...: 90.0 95.0 5.0 5.0 43.0 39.0
Missouri ......: 335.0 335.0 35.0 35.0 220.0 230.0
Montana .......: 390.0 380.0 5.0 4.0 230.0 206.0
Nebraska ......: 370.0 350.0 30.0 30.0 1,500.0 1,580.0
Nevada ........: 44.0 43.0 10.0 10.0 33.0 35.0
New Hampshire .: 1.3 1.3 6.5 6.0 0.7 0.7
New Jersey ....: 2.2 1.6 3.1 2.9 1.2 0.9
:
New Mexico ....: 80.0 75.0 140.0 135.0 80.0 70.0
New York ......: 40.0 40.0 345.0 340.0 40.0 35.0
North Carolina : 63.0 61.0 18.0 15.0 23.0 24.0
North Dakota ..: 182.0 204.0 8.0 11.0 230.0 235.0
Ohio ..........: 70.0 70.0 120.0 125.0 65.0 55.0
Oklahoma ......: 370.0 410.0 20.0 20.0 530.0 500.0
Oregon ........: 105.0 100.0 70.0 60.0 120.0 105.0
Pennsylvania ..: 60.0 63.0 275.0 220.0 55.0 52.0
Rhode Island ..: 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2
South Carolina : 26.0 32.0 4.0 6.0 11.0 9.0
:
South Dakota ..: 360.0 370.0 45.0 50.0 460.0 500.0
Tennessee .....: 125.0 130.0 25.0 25.0 85.0 75.0
Texas .........: 800.0 820.0 280.0 300.0 1,550.0 1,580.0
Utah ..........: 85.0 75.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 55.0
Vermont .......: 4.5 5.0 55.0 53.0 5.5 6.0
Virginia ......: 93.0 90.0 33.0 36.0 64.0 70.0
Washington ....: 57.0 50.0 127.0 115.0 136.0 135.0
West Virginia .: 34.0 32.0 3.0 2.0 22.0 22.0
Wisconsin .....: 90.0 80.0 690.0 660.0 50.0 60.0
Wyoming .......: 160.0 155.0 4.0 4.0 126.0 126.0
:
United States .: 5,808.9 5,812.1 4,684.0 4,604.5 9,531.5 9,583.5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--continued
Cattle Inventory by Class - States and United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021 (continued)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Steers : Bulls : Calves
: 500 pounds and over : 500 pounds and over : under 500 pounds
State :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021 : 2020 : 2021
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head
:
Alabama .......: 45.0 50.0 50.0 45.0 340.0 345.0
Alaska ........: 0.6 0.7 3.9 4.3 2.8 2.6
Arizona .......: 275.0 285.0 20.0 20.0 120.0 125.0
Arkansas ......: 115.0 120.0 62.0 60.0 410.0 425.0
California ....: 620.0 630.0 60.0 60.0 1,000.0 990.0
Colorado ......: 780.0 810.0 50.0 45.0 120.0 115.0
Connecticut ...: 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 9.0 9.0
Delaware ......: 2.6 2.4 0.4 0.4 3.0 2.3
Florida .......: 25.0 25.0 60.0 55.0 385.0 385.0
Georgia .......: 43.0 43.0 32.0 32.0 265.0 270.0
:
Hawaii ........: 10.0 10.0 4.0 4.0 33.0 33.5
Idaho .........: 300.0 290.0 40.0 40.0 340.0 370.0
Illinois ......: 240.0 205.0 20.0 20.0 175.0 180.0
Indiana .......: 108.0 113.0 16.0 15.0 185.0 176.0
Iowa ..........: 1,300.0 1,210.0 60.0 60.0 510.0 470.0
Kansas ........: 2,080.0 2,090.0 85.0 90.0 685.0 660.0
Kentucky ......: 215.0 225.0 70.0 65.0 480.0 475.0
Louisiana .....: 25.0 26.0 30.0 30.0 155.0 159.0
Maine .........: 5.0 5.0 1.5 1.5 13.5 12.5
Maryland ......: 11.5 17.5 3.5 3.5 30.0 32.0
:
Massachusetts .: 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 6.0 7.0
Michigan ......: 175.0 176.0 15.0 14.0 210.0 190.0
Minnesota .....: 520.0 490.0 30.0 30.0 410.0 380.0
Mississippi ...: 58.0 56.0 39.0 40.0 195.0 195.0
Missouri ......: 410.0 430.0 120.0 120.0 1,020.0 1,040.0
Montana .......: 250.0 245.0 105.0 100.0 80.0 85.0
Nebraska ......: 2,380.0 2,470.0 120.0 110.0 370.0 350.0
Nevada ........: 40.0 39.0 15.0 15.0 58.0 53.0
New Hampshire .: 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 6.5 6.5
New Jersey ....: 2.0 1.9 1.0 0.7 4.5 4.0
:
New Mexico ....: 100.0 90.0 30.0 30.0 190.0 190.0
New York ......: 55.0 42.0 20.0 18.0 230.0 225.0
North Carolina : 40.0 44.0 31.0 31.0 225.0 215.0
North Dakota ..: 275.0 315.0 70.0 70.0 105.0 125.0
Ohio ..........: 220.0 200.0 30.0 30.0 235.0 220.0
Oklahoma ......: 1,010.0 1,060.0 170.0 170.0 900.0 910.0
Oregon ........: 145.0 155.0 40.0 40.0 140.0 140.0
Pennsylvania ..: 135.0 135.0 20.0 20.0 275.0 250.0
Rhode Island ..: 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7
South Carolina : 12.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 84.0 79.0
:
South Dakota ..: 710.0 700.0 110.0 110.0 305.0 330.0
Tennessee .....: 155.0 150.0 60.0 65.0 420.0 415.0
Texas .........: 2,650.0 2,610.0 350.0 360.0 2,120.0 2,130.0
Utah ..........: 80.0 85.0 25.0 25.0 65.0 65.0
Vermont .......: 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 41.0 40.0
Virginia ......: 165.0 160.0 40.0 39.0 355.0 325.0
Washington ....: 205.0 190.0 20.0 20.0 145.0 130.0
West Virginia .: 44.0 44.0 15.0 14.0 72.0 66.0
Wisconsin .....: 340.0 360.0 30.0 30.0 680.0 690.0
Wyoming .......: 155.0 170.0 45.0 40.0 100.0 95.0
:
United States .: 16,541.2 16,597.8 2,237.4 2,210.5 14,309.0 14,188.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calf Crop - States and United States: 2019 and 2020
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : Percent of
State : 2019 : 2020 : previous year
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: -------- 1,000 head -------- percent
:
Alabama ................................: 610.0 610.0 100
Alaska .................................: 5.0 5.5 110
Arizona ................................: 300.0 305.0 102
Arkansas ...............................: 780.0 780.0 100
California .............................: 1,860.0 1,840.0 99
Colorado ...............................: 820.0 790.0 96
Connecticut ............................: 17.5 16.5 94
Delaware ...............................: 5.5 4.6 84
Florida ................................: 800.0 810.0 101
Georgia ................................: 520.0 510.0 98
:
Hawaii .................................: 60.0 60.0 100
Idaho ..................................: 970.0 950.0 98
Illinois ...............................: 395.0 375.0 95
Indiana ................................: 335.0 340.0 101
Iowa ...................................: 1,080.0 1,030.0 95
Kansas .................................: 1,430.0 1,430.0 100
Kentucky ...............................: 980.0 950.0 97
Louisiana ..............................: 355.0 340.0 96
Maine ..................................: 30.0 29.0 97
Maryland ...............................: 68.0 66.0 97
:
Massachusetts ..........................: 14.5 15.0 103
Michigan ...............................: 400.0 390.0 98
Minnesota ..............................: 770.0 750.0 97
Mississippi ............................: 380.0 380.0 100
Missouri ...............................: 1,950.0 1,910.0 98
Montana ................................: 1,420.0 1,390.0 98
Nebraska ...............................: 1,780.0 1,750.0 98
Nevada .................................: 225.0 220.0 98
New Hampshire ..........................: 11.5 11.5 100
New Jersey .............................: 10.0 9.0 90
:
New Mexico .............................: 620.0 610.0 98
New York ...............................: 550.0 520.0 95
North Carolina .........................: 365.0 365.0 100
North Dakota ...........................: 950.0 920.0 97
Ohio ...................................: 485.0 470.0 97
Oklahoma ...............................: 1,890.0 1,950.0 103
Oregon .................................: 600.0 590.0 98
Pennsylvania ...........................: 570.0 530.0 93
Rhode Island ...........................: 1.6 1.4 88
South Carolina .........................: 155.0 145.0 94
:
South Dakota ...........................: 1,810.0 1,780.0 98
Tennessee ..............................: 860.0 850.0 99
Texas ..................................: 4,500.0 4,600.0 102
Utah ...................................: 395.0 385.0 97
Vermont ................................: 103.0 97.0 94
Virginia ...............................: 630.0 600.0 95
Washington .............................: 440.0 420.0 95
West Virginia ..........................: 195.0 175.0 90
Wisconsin ..............................: 1,420.0 1,400.0 99
Wyoming ................................: 670.0 660.0 99
:
United States ..........................: 35,591.6 35,135.5 99
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All Cattle on Feed Inventory- States and United States: January 1, 2020 and 2021
[Cattle and calves on feed are steers and heifers being fed a ration of grain, silage, hay, and/or
protein supplement for slaughter market that are expected to produce a carcass that will grade
select or better. It excludes cattle being "backgrounded only" for later sale as feeders or later
placement in another feedlot. Cattle and calves on feed are included in the cattle inventory
estimates by class]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : Percent of
State : 2020 : 2021 : previous year
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: -------- 1,000 head -------- percent
:
Arizona ................................: 255.0 265.0 104
California .............................: 540.0 555.0 103
Colorado ...............................: 1,120.0 1,140.0 102
Idaho ..................................: 310.0 300.0 97
Illinois ...............................: 240.0 230.0 96
Indiana ................................: 105.0 115.0 110
Iowa ...................................: 1,290.0 1,170.0 91
Kansas .................................: 2,580.0 2,660.0 103
Kentucky ...............................: 17.0 19.0 112
Maryland ...............................: 6.0 7.0 117
:
Michigan ...............................: 165.0 185.0 112
Minnesota ..............................: 400.0 400.0 100
Missouri ...............................: 110.0 100.0 91
Montana ................................: 50.0 53.0 106
Nebraska ...............................: 2,600.0 2,720.0 105
Nevada .................................: 3.0 3.0 100
New York ...............................: 22.0 22.0 100
North Dakota ...........................: 42.0 49.0 117
Ohio ...................................: 170.0 150.0 88
Oklahoma ...............................: 340.0 335.0 99
:
Oregon .................................: 95.0 105.0 111
Pennsylvania ...........................: 100.0 80.0 80
South Dakota ...........................: 440.0 460.0 105
Texas ..................................: 2,980.0 2,890.0 97
Utah ...................................: 20.0 23.0 115
Virginia ...............................: 20.0 16.0 80
Washington .............................: 240.0 240.0 100
West Virginia ..........................: 4.0 5.0 125
Wisconsin ..............................: 240.0 250.0 104
Wyoming ................................: 70.0 74.0 106
:
Other States 1/ ........................: 83.7 86.4 103
:
United States ..........................: 14,657.7 14,707.4 100
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1/ Individual state estimates not available for states not shown, but are included in Other States.
Cattle Grazing on Small Grain Pasture - 3-State Total: January 1, 2020 and 2021
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : Percent of
States : 2020 : 2021 : previous year
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ----- 1,000 head ----- percent
:
Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas .......: 1,610.0 1,730.0 107
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle Inventory by Class and Calf Crop - United States: July 1, 2019 and 2020
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : Percent of
Class : 2019 : 2020 :previous year
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ------ 1,000 head ------ percent
:
All cattle and calves ..................: 102,600.0 102,200.0 100
:
All cows and heifers that have calved ..: 41,600.0 41,400.0 100
Beef cows ............................: 32,300.0 32,050.0 99
Milk cows ............................: 9,300.0 9,350.0 101
:
All heifers 500 pounds and over ........: 16,300.0 16,200.0 99
For beef cow replacement .............: 4,400.0 4,400.0 100
For milk cow replacement .............: 4,100.0 4,000.0 98
Other heifers ........................: 7,800.0 7,800.0 100
:
Steers 500 pounds and over .............: 14,600.0 14,700.0 101
Bulls 500 pounds and over ..............: 2,100.0 2,100.0 100
Calves under 500 pounds ................: 28,000.0 27,800.0 99
:
All cattle on feed .....................: 13,600.0 13,600.0 100
:
Calf crop ..............................: 35,591.6 35,135.5 99
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calf Crop by Six Month Period - United States: 2019 and 2020
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 2019 : 2020
:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Period : : Percent of : : Percent of
: Number : total : Number : total
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head percent 1,000 head percent
:
January 1 - June 30 .: 26,000.0 73.1 25,750.0 73.3
July 1 - December 31 : 9,591.6 26.9 9,385.5 26.7
:
Total ...............: 35,591.6 100.0 35,135.5 100.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statistical Methodology
Survey Procedures: A random sample of United States producers were surveyed
to provide data for these estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all
cattle producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the
survey. Large producers were sampled more heavily than small operations. Data
were collected from about 34,900 operators during the first half of January
by mail, telephone, and internet and 64 percent of the reports were usable.
Regardless of when operators responded, they were asked to report inventories
as of January 1.
Estimating Procedures: These cattle estimates were prepared by the
Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis
submitted by Regional Field Offices. National and State survey data were
reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from the
previous year using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the
previous inventory estimate, adds estimates of births and imports, and
subtracts estimates of slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending
inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for
reasonableness.
Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve year to
year and item to item relationships. Estimates for the previous year are
subject to revision when current estimates are made. The reviews are
primarily based on livestock slaughter and additional foreign trade and
survey data. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the five-year
Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that
date.
Reliability: Since all cattle operators are not included in the sample,
survey estimates are subject to sampling variability. Survey results are also
subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes
in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors
cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality
controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all
reported data for consistency and reasonableness.
To assist users in evaluating the reliability of estimates in this report,
the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table on the
following page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based
on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and
latest estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for all cattle and calves
inventory estimates over the past 10 years is 0.5 percent. This means that
chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the
current estimate of 93.6 million head by more than 0.5 percent. Chances are 9
out of 10 that the difference will not exceed 0.9 percent.
The table on the following page shows a 10 year record of the range of
differences between first and latest estimates for selected items. Using
estimates of all cattle and calves as an example, changes between the first
inventory estimate and the latest estimate during the past 10 years have
averaged 354,000 head, ranging from 40,000 to 796,000 head. During this
period the initial inventory estimate has been above the latest estimate 4
times and below the latest estimate 6 times. This does not imply that the
January 1 estimate is likely to understate or overstate final inventory.
Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates
[Based on data for the past 10 years]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate
: square error : confidence : : : : :
: : level :-------------------------------------------------------------
Item : : : : : : Years
: : : : : :-------------------------------
: : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: percent percent ------ 1,000 head ----- ----- number ----
:
All cattle and calves ...................: 0.5 0.9 354 40 796 6 4
:
All cows and heifers that have calved ...: 0.6 1.0 176 20 405 4 6
:
Calf crop ...............................: 0.7 1.2 181 20 468 3 7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock
Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to
contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent
to nass@usda.gov.
Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ......... (202) 692-0069
Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........... (202) 690-2424
Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter ...... (202) 690-8632
Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed .......... (202) 720-3040
Logan Hartley - Sheep and Goats .............. (202) 690-3236
Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows .. (202) 720-3278
Suzanne Richards - Dairy Products ............ (202) 720-4448
Seth Riggins - Hogs and Pigs ................. (202) 720-3106
Access to NASS Reports
For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following
ways:
All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web
site: www.nass.usda.gov
Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-
mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit
www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right
corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports
you would like to receive.
Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and
other agency's archived reports. The new website,
https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing
reports will be sent from the new website,
https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via
e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account
and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an
account or subscribe, they are located at:
https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist
notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to
avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders.
For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural
Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail:
nass@usda.gov.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against
its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race,
color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion,
reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial
or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's
income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic
information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded
by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs
and/or employment activities.)
If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination,
complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online
at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer,
or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may
also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form.
Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue,
S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at
program.intake@usda.gov.Cattle